Dataset Information

The effects of heat shock treatment on gene expression of grapevine berries (HSP_06)

ABSTRACT: Pinot Meunier L1 dwarf grapevines were grown in a growth cabinet and both unripe (preveraison) and ripe (postveraison) berries were collected after various time points post heat shock treatment. The gene expression profiles of treated berries were compared to controls to identify gene expression changes associated with the heat shock response. Keywords: Heat shock treatment effect

ORGANISM(S): Vitis vinifera

PROVIDER: GSE8389 | GEO | 2018/11/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Noble rot results from atypical infections of ripe grape berries by Botrytis cinerea. Unlike bunch rot, noble rot promotes favorable changes in grape berries and accumulation of secondary metabolites that enhance wine grape quality. Noble rot-infected berries of SÃ©millon, a white-skinned variety, were collected over three years from a commercial vineyard at the same time fruit were harvested for botrytized wine production. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data were integrated to identify pathways associated with distinct stages of noble rot. Botrytis induced the expression of known key regulators of pathways in secondary metabolism associated with berry ripening. The activation by Botrytis during noble rot of metabolic pathways associated with berry ripening was further supported by comparisons with transcriptomes of red-skinned varieties at vÃ©raison. A prominent and common outcome of noble rot and berry ripening was the enhancement of the phenylpropanoid metabolism. Induced synthesis of stilbenes, flavonoids, and anthocyanins was supported by both transcriptional and metabolite analyses. Enzyme assays and targeted gene expression analyses of samples from the three distinct years confirmed that the activation of central and peripheral phenylpropanoid pathways is a consistent hallmark of noble rot. Finally, we show that the impact of noble rot on grape metabolism is still detectable in botrytized wines. These results demonstrate that despite the late stage of terminal senescence of a plant organ, a biotic stress can cause a major reprogramming of plant metabolism leading, in case of noble rot, to the synthesis of important metabolites for grape berry flavor and aroma. The experimental design consists of 4 treatments, berries at 3 distinct stages of noble rot and berries without apparent symptoms of infection. From each treatment a total of 4 biological replicates were sequenced with RNAseq, each replicate corresponded to independent pools of 10-15 berries harvested from adjacent grapevines.

Project description:Worldwide, 20-25% of all harvested fruit and vegetables are lost annually in the field and throughout the postharvest supply handling chain due to spoilage by fungal pathogens. Most impactful postharvest pathogens exhibit necrotrophic lifestyles, resulting in rotting of the host tissues and complete loss of marketable commodities. Necrotrophic fungi can readily infect ripe fruit leading to the rapid establishment of disease symptoms. However, these pathogens generally fail to infect unripe fruit, or remain quiescent until host and environmental conditions stimulate a successful infection. Current research on necrotrophic infections of fruit was mainly focused on the host by characterizing genetic and physicochemical factors that inhibit or promote the disease. However, the pathogenicity and virulence strategies employed by necrotrophic pathogens in ripe and unripe fruit are mostly understudied. Here, we provide a first comparative transcriptomics study of fungal postharvest pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium acuminatum, all of which display necrotrophic behavior when infecting fruit. We de novo assembled and annotated the transcriptomes of R. stolonifer, and F. acuminatum and performed a differential gene expression analysis comparing the three fungal transcriptomes during fruit infection with that of fungal in-vitro growth. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes for enrichment of functional annotations revealed shared strategies of the three fungi during infection of compatible (ripe fruit) and incompatible (unripe fruit) hosts. We furthermore selected candidate genes that are involved in these strategies to characterize their expression during infection of unripe and ripe-like fruit of the non-ripening (nor) tomato mutant, both of which are physiologically and biochemically similar to unripe wildtype fruit. By enabling a better understanding of fungal necrotrophic infection strategies, we move closer to generating accurate models of fruit diseases and development of early detection tools and effective management strategies.

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The effects of heat shock treatment on gene expression of grapevine berries (HSP_06)

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