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Gene-regulatory networks activated by pattern-specific generation of action potentials in dorsal root ganglia neurons

ABSTRACT: Development and plasticity in the nervous system are regulated by specific patterns of neural impulse activity. Patterned activity orchestrates spatial and temporal changes in the expression of networks of genes. These gene regulatory networks underlie the long-term changes in cell specification, growth of synaptic connections, and frequency adaptation that occur throughout neonatal and postnatal life. We show that the temporal nature of action potentials and downstream signaling differentially regulate the expression of hundreds of diverse neuronal genes through distinct gene regulatory networks. Analysis of upstream regulatory regions showed enrichment in transcription factor binding sites for NF-Kappa that was action potential firing pattern specific. Our new findings demonstrate spike-frequency decoding by action potentials at the transcriptional level by pattern-specific activation of transcription factors and associated gene-regulatory networks that operate to adjust the modalities of sensory neurons.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE84872 | GEO | 2016/07/26

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA335407

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Lipopeptide biosurfactant producing Bacillus strains have many useful applications in biotechnology and agriculture, based on their emulsifying, surface activity and antimicrobial properties. In the current study, lipopeptide production kinetics, and biocontrol potentials of two new B. velezensis strains, ES1-02 and EFSO2-04 were analyzed and compared with those of commercial strains QST713 and FZB42. ES1-02 and EFSO2-04 showed higher specific growth rates than FZB42, but lower growth rates than QST713. All strains produced surfactin lipopetides, while fengycin production was not observed in ES1-02 and EFSO2-04. Production of fengycin A, B, X and Y were however confirmed in strains QST713 and FZB42. Significant differences were observed in the production of lipopeptides of the iturin family. While ES1-02 and EFSO2-04 produced bacillomycin L, QST713 produced iturin A, and FZB42 produced bacillomycin D. This was in line with the PCR analysis of corresponding genes encoding the identified lipopeptides. Highest surfactin titer of 97.4 mg/L was observed in ES1-02, while QST713 produced highest amount of iturin/bacillomycin (8.5 mg/L). Surfactin isoforms C12 to C17, and iturin/bacillomycin isoforms C11 to C17 were identified by mass spectrometry. ES1-02 and EFSO2-04 showed biocontrol potentials comparable with that of QST713 against Diaporthe spp., while FZB42 showed superior antifungal potentials. Up to 41%, 43%, 47 % and 68.9 % inhibition of D. caulivora were achieved by ES1-02, EFSO2-04, QST713 and FZB42 respectively. Upon exposure to B. velezensis strains, morphological changes to Diaporthe hyphae in form of swellings, distortion, and complete disruption occurred. Interaction of D. longicolla DPC_HOH20 with ES1-02 and EFSO2-04 induced 10-fold and 5-fold increase in surfactin synthesis, respectively. Antagonist interaction with D. longicolla induced significant changes in the proteome of ES1-02 including an increased abundance of several proteins associated with biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds and fatty acids, while proteins associated with phosphate uptake were decreased in abundance.

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Gene-regulatory networks activated by pattern-specific generation of action potentials in dorsal root ganglia neurons

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