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RNA-Chromatin Interactome Reveals ncRNA Functions for Transcription Regulation in 3D Genome Organization

ABSTRACT: Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an emerging class of regulatory molecules with a broad range of regulatory functions believed to be mediated by ncRNA-chromatin interactions. Genome-wide understanding of ncRNA functions requires precise mapping of all ncRNAs and their target loci. Current methods for studying chromatin-associated ncRNA lack specificity or are limited to singly assessing RNAs. We devised an unbiased strategy to identify all RNA Interactions with Chromatin by Paired-End-Taging (RICh-PET) and applied this approach to characterize the Drosophila RNA-chromatin interactome. We discovered that ncRNAs primarily target promoters and enhancers in open chromatin regions in colocalization with RNAPII and other TFs, suggesting combinatorial regulatory instructions for each locus. Enzymatic nuclear digestion followed by examination of specific chromatin loci indicated that ncRNAs collectively promote chromatin accessability, RNAPII-mediated interactions and overall 3D-genome organization. Our study demonstrates that RICh-PET and related methods represent a powerful suite of tools to interrogate the genome biology of ncRNAs.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens Drosophila melanogaster

PROVIDER: GSE85764 | GEO | 2021/08/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Higher-order chromosomal organization for transcription regulation is poorly understood in eukaryotes. Using genome-wide Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End-Tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), we mapped long-range chromatin interactions associated with RNA polymerase II in human cells and uncovered widespread promoter-centered intragenic, extragenic, and intergenic interactions. These interactions further aggregated into higher-order clusters, wherein proximal and distal genes were engaged through promoter-promoter interactions. Most genes with promoter-promoter interactions were active and transcribed cooperatively, and some interacting promoters could influence each other implying combinatorial complexity of transcriptional controls. Comparative analyses of different cell lines showed that cell-specific chromatin interactions could provide structural frameworks for cell-specific transcription, and suggested significant enrichment of enhancer-promoter interactions for cell-specific functions. Furthermore, genetically-identified disease-associated noncoding elements were found to be spatially engaged with corresponding genes through long-range interactions. Overall, our study provides insights into transcription regulation by three-dimensional chromatin interactions for both housekeeping and cell-specific genes in human cells. RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) bound chromatin interactions were extracted with Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag (ChIA-PET) sequencing, in order to study the transcription regulations with RNAPII-associated long-range chromatin interactions. Five cell lines, namely MCF7 (ATCC# HTB-22), K562 (ATCC# CCL-243), HCT116 (ATCC# CCL-247), HeLa (ATCC# CCL-2.2), and NB4 (Roussel and Lanotte, 2001) (provided by Dr. Sherman Weissman, Yale University), were grown under standard culture conditions and harvested at log phase. Harvested cells were cross-linked using 1% formaldehyde followed by neutralization with 0.2M glycine. Chromatin was isolated and subjected to ChIA-PET protocol as described in Fullwood et al (Fullwood et al: An oestrogen-receptor-alpha-bound human chromatin interactome. Nature 2009, 462(7269):58-64). The ChIA-PET sequence reads were processed and analyzed using ChIA-PET Tool (Li et al: ChIA-PET tool for comprehensive chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing. Genome Biol 2010, 11(2):R22).

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RNA-Chromatin Interactome Reveals ncRNA Functions for Transcription Regulation in 3D Genome Organization

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