DNA methylation inheritance across generations
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
PROVIDER: GSE87170 | GEO | 2016/12/13
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA343778
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:DNA methylation occurs at preferred sites in eukaryotes, although the basis for preference is not known. We use a microarray-based profiling method to explore the involvement of Arabidopsis CMT3 and DRM DNA methyltransferases, a histone H3 lysine-9 methyltransferase (KYP) and an Argonaute-related RNA silencing component (AGO4) in methylating target loci. We find that KYP targets are also CMT3 targets, suggesting that histone methylation maintains CNG methylation genome-wide. CMT3 and KYP targets show similar proximal distributions that corresponds to the overall distribution of transposable elements of all types, whereas DRM targets are distributed more distally along the chromosome. We find an inverse relationship between element size and loss of methylation in ago4 and drm mutants. Our results suggest that RNA-directed DNA methylation is required to silence isolated elements that may be too small to be maintained in a silent state by a chromatin-based mechanism. Thus, parallel pathways would be needed to maintain silencing of transposable elements. Keywords: Methylation profiling using Msp I enzyme
2005-10-25 | GSE3109 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation occurs in both CG and non-CG sequence contexts. Non-CG methylation is abundant in plants, and is mediated by CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) and DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE (DRM) proteins; however its roles remain poorly understood. Here we characterize the roles of non-CG methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that a poorly characterized methyltransferase, CMT2, is a functional methyltransferase in vitro and in vivo. CMT2 specifically binds histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) dimethylation and methylates non-CG cytosines at sites that are also regulated by H3K9 dimethylation. By generating different combinations of non-CG methylation mutants, we reveal the contributions and redundancies between each methyltransferase in DNA methylation patterning and in regulating transposable elements (TEs) and protein-coding genes. We also demonstrate extensive dependencies of small RNA accumulation and H3K9 methylation patterning on non-CG methylation, suggesting self-reinforcing mechanisms between these epigenetic factors. The results suggest that non-CG methylation patterns are critical in shaping the histone modification and small non-coding RNA landscapes. Eighteen mRNA-seq samples, five smRNA-seq samples, five bisulfite-seq samples, twenty ChIP-seq samples. Bisulfite-seq data for cmt2-7 single mutants, cmt3 single mutants, drm1/2 double mutants, drm1/2 cmt3 triple mutants are deposited in GSE39901. Processed wiggle format files for all datasets can be downloaded at http://genomes.mcdb.ucla.edu/AthBSseq/
2013-12-15 | E-GEOD-51304 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Eukaryotic DNA methylation is found in silent transposable elements and active genes. Nucleosome remodelers of the DDM1/Lsh family are thought to be specifically required to maintain transposon methylation, but the reason for this is unknown. Here, we find that a chromatin gradient that extends from the most heterochromatic transposons to euchromatic genes determines the requirement of DDM1 for methylation maintenance in all sequence contexts. We also show that small RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is inhibited by heterochromatin and absolutely requires the nucleosome remodeler DRD1. DDM1 and RdDM independently mediate nearly all transposon methylation, which is catalyzed by the methyltransferases MET1 (CG), CMT3 (CHG), DRM2 (CHH) and CMT2 (CHH), and collaborate to repress transposition and regulate the methylation and expression of genes. Our results indicate that the Arabidopsis genome is defined by a heterochromatic continuum that governs the access of DNA methyltransferases and potentially all DNA binding proteins. Examination of DNA methylation, transcription and nucleosomes in Arabidopsis wild-type and/or ddm1, RdDM and DNA methylase mutants.
2013-04-17 | E-GEOD-41302 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The epigenome, in particular variation of DNA methylation profiles across individuals, has long been of interest as a modifier of the genetic code, with “mutations” reflecting past environments, stochastic events, or genetic regulation. To address this issue, we dissected an inherited epigenetics mark, mCHG methylation, using conditional GWAS approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our study revealed the genome-wide mCHG levels largely share the variation with de novo methylation and are under the control of major trans-modifiers, including the key regulators CMT2, CMT3, MIR823A, and a novel regulator JMJ26 that specifically regulated RdDM-targeted TEs.
2022-02-14 | GSE194404 | GEO
Project description:The epigenome, in particular variation of DNA methylation profiles across individuals, has long been of interest as a modifier of the genetic code, with “mutations” reflecting past environments, stochastic events, or genetic regulation. To address this issue, we dissected an inherited epigenetics mark, mCHG methylation, using conditional GWAS approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our study revealed the genome-wide mCHG levels largely share the variation with de novo methylation and are under the control of major trans-modifiers, including the key regulators CMT2, CMT3, MIR823A, and a novel regulator JMJ26 that specifically regulated RdDM-targeted TEs.
2022-02-14 | GSE194405 | GEO
Project description:Eukaryotic DNA methylation is found in silent transposable elements and active genes. Nucleosome remodelers of the DDM1/Lsh family are thought to be specifically required to maintain transposon methylation, but the reason for this is unknown. Here, we find that a chromatin gradient that extends from the most heterochromatic transposons to euchromatic genes determines the requirement of DDM1 for methylation maintenance in all sequence contexts. We also show that small RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is inhibited by heterochromatin and absolutely requires the nucleosome remodeler DRD1. DDM1 and RdDM independently mediate nearly all transposon methylation, which is catalyzed by the methyltransferases MET1 (CG), CMT3 (CHG), DRM2 (CHH) and CMT2 (CHH), and collaborate to repress transposition and regulate the methylation and expression of genes. Our results indicate that the Arabidopsis genome is defined by a heterochromatic continuum that governs the access of DNA methyltransferases and potentially all DNA binding proteins.
2013-04-17 | GSE41302 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation is a chromatin modification that contributes to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The inheritance patterns and trans-generational stability of 962 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were assessed in a panel of 71 near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from maize (Zea mays) inbred lines B73 and Mo17. The majority of DMRs exhibit inheritance patterns that would be expected for local (cis) inheritance of DNA methylation variation such that DNA methylation level was coupled to local genotype. There are few examples of DNA methylation that exhibit trans-acting control or paramutation-like patterns. The cis-controlled DMRs provided an opportunity to study the stability of inheritance for DNA methylation variation. There was very little evidence for alterations of DNA methylation levels at the cis-controlled DMRs during NIL population development. DNA methylation level was associated with local genotypes in all of the >30,000 examined cases except one. Additionally, the majority of the DMRs were not associated with small RNA. Together, our results suggest that a significant portion of DNA methylation variation in maize exhibits cis-controlled inheritance patterns, is highly stable and does not require active programming by small RNAs for maintenance. Methylation profiles in seedling tissue of maize near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from B73 and Mo17 using a custom 12x270K NimbleGen array.
2014-04-01 | E-GEOD-51567 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methylation is a chromatin modification that contributes to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The inheritance patterns and trans-generational stability of 962 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were assessed in a panel of 71 near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from maize (Zea mays) inbred lines B73 and Mo17. The majority of DMRs exhibit inheritance patterns that would be expected for local (cis) inheritance of DNA methylation variation such that DNA methylation level was coupled to local genotype. There are few examples of DNA methylation that exhibit trans-acting control or paramutation-like patterns. The cis-controlled DMRs provided an opportunity to study the stability of inheritance for DNA methylation variation. There was very little evidence for alterations of DNA methylation levels at the cis-controlled DMRs during NIL population development. DNA methylation level was associated with local genotypes in all of the >30,000 examined cases except one. Additionally, the majority of the DMRs were not associated with small RNA. Together, our results suggest that a significant portion of DNA methylation variation in maize exhibits cis-controlled inheritance patterns, is highly stable and does not require active programming by small RNAs for maintenance.
2014-04-01 | GSE51567 | GEO
Project description:DNA methylation occurs in both CG and non-CG sequence contexts. Non-CG methylation is abundant in plants, and is mediated by CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) and DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE (DRM) proteins; however its roles remain poorly understood. Here we characterize the roles of non-CG methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that a poorly characterized methyltransferase, CMT2, is a functional methyltransferase in vitro and in vivo. CMT2 specifically binds histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) dimethylation and methylates non-CG cytosines at sites that are also regulated by H3K9 dimethylation. By generating different combinations of non-CG methylation mutants, we reveal the contributions and redundancies between each methyltransferase in DNA methylation patterning and in regulating transposable elements (TEs) and protein-coding genes. We also demonstrate extensive dependencies of small RNA accumulation and H3K9 methylation patterning on non-CG methylation, suggesting self-reinforcing mechanisms between these epigenetic factors. The results suggest that non-CG methylation patterns are critical in shaping the histone modification and small non-coding RNA landscapes.
2013-12-15 | GSE51304 | GEO
Project description:Comparing genetic differences between human and nonhuman primates is a fundamental method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the improved human cognitive ability during evolution. Besides DNA sequence divergences, gene regulation differences between human and nonhuman primates have been shown to be more prominent. DNA methylation is an important type of epigenetic modification that plays critical roles in gene regulations. Trans-generational inheritances of DNA methylation in mammals are widely accepted, suggesting the evolutionary role of DNA methylation. To test if DNA methylation has contributed to the evolution of human brain, with the use of MeDIP-Chip and SEQUENOM MassARRAY, we conducted a systematic analysis to identify the differentially methylated DNA regions (DMRs) between human and rhesus macaque in the cerebral cortex. We first identified a total of 150 candidate DMRs by the MeDIP-Chip method, among which 6 DMRs were confirmed by the SEQUENOM MassARRAY method. And 4 of them were further confirmed using independent samples, while the other 2 were failed to test due to technical difficulties. All the 6 DMRs were in CpG islands or close to CpG islands, and a MIR3 repeat element was located in one DMR, but no repeats was found in the other 5 DMRs. For the 6 DMR genes, most have neural related functions, and their proteins tend to be conserved. Additionally, we found the DNA sequence changes at CpG sites contributed to the species-specific DNA methylation. Our study shed light on the researches of trans-generational epigenetic inheritance and the roles of DNA methylation in evolution, especially human evolution. Compare the DNA methylation levels between human and rhesus macaque
2012-03-01 | E-GEOD-27460 | biostudies-arrayexpress