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Gene expression analysis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts reprogrammed with OSK, Esrrb and Zic3

ABSTRACT: We report that Zic family (Zic1/2/3) and orphan nuclear receptors family (Esrrb and Nr5a2) transcription factors (TFs) synergistically enhance the reprogramming efficiency when transduced with Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4 (OSK) into murine fibroblasts. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this synergy, we analyzed global gene expression at 6 days after introduction of reprogramming factors. As a result, we found that primary targets of these TFs are different when either of TFs was introduced with OSK, but a significant portion of genes including pluripotency makers such as Dppa2 was synergistically upregulated. Further analysis revealed that metabolic pathways are the important targets of these TFs for efficient reprogramming.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE89079 | GEO | 2017/05/02

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA350246

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The family of Zic transcription factors (TFs) are required for cerebellar development, and their binding is highly enriched at developmentally regulated enhancers active in cerebellar granule neurons at the progenitor stage around postnatal day 7 (P7) and the mature adult stage at P60 in the mouse cerebellum. Interestingly, Zic1/2 ChIP-seq data reveal that the Zics change their binding profile over time. To characterize these differences in Zic targeting between early and late cerebellar maturation, we compared the sequence underlying Zic Peaks, their relationship with active chromatin and gene expression at P7 and P60. From this we found Zic peaks tend to be large and bind open-active chromatin. Strikingly, Zic peaks shift from binding at promoter proximal regions at P7 to distal enhancer regions at P60. We hypothesize that other TFs collaborate with the Zic TFs to change their binding targets and affect their regulatory activity. A multi-tiered approach was used to predict TF binding at those Zic ChIP sites. We assessed motif enrichment (HOMER) and in-vivo TF binding profiles (BART) to determine putative TFs collaborating with Zic to drive this regulation. We then validated the presence of the predicted TFs in granule neurons using gene expression. This workflow identified known and novel distinct collaborators of Zic between early and late development. Early collaborates of Zic includes bHLH factors and chromatin remodelers whereas late collaborators of Zic are activity regulated TFs which are markers of synaptic maturation. To identify Zic’s developmental gene targets in cerebellar maturation, we used H3K4me3 PLAC-seq data, which captures promoter-enhancer loops from the adult mouse cerebellum and Hi-C data from the young mouse cerebellum to map genes to Zic bound enhancers. This revealed Zic as a transcriptional activator of late developmental genes in the cerebellum. Using this same approach with in vitro Zic KD, we were able to identify Zic dependent developmental gene targets which have functions in axonogenesis, axon guidance, and ion channel signaling, which are integral in proper maturation of a neuron. These integrated analyses reveal how Zic and other TFs regulate temporal expression of CGN developmental genes and provides information that will enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the mode of TF function at enhancers.

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Gene expression analysis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts reprogrammed with OSK, Esrrb and Zic3

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