Mutant Kras- and p16-Regulated NOX4 Activation Overcomes Metabolic Checkpoints in Development of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE89422 | GEO | 2016/11/03
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA352139
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Kras activation and p16 inactivation are required to develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying these double alterations remain unclear. Here we discover that NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4), an enzyme known to catalyse the oxidation of NAD(P)H, is upregulated when p16 is inactivated by looking at gene expression profiling studies. Activation of NOX4 requires catalytic subunit p22phox, which is upregulated following Kras activation. Both alterations are also detectable in PDAC cell lines and patient specimens. Furthermore, we show that elevated NOX4 activity accelerates oxidation of NADH and supports increased glycolysis by generating NAD+, a substrate for GAPDH-mediated glycolytic reaction, promoting PDAC cell growth. Mechanistically, NOX4 was induced through p16-Rb-regulated E2F and p22phox was induced by KrasG12V-activated NF-κB. In conclusion, we provide a biochemical explanation for the cooperation between p16 inactivation and Kras activation in PDAC development and suggest that NOX4 is a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Project description:INTRODUCTION: CDKN2A (p16) inactivation is common in lung cancer and occurs via homozygous deletions, methylation of promoter region, or point mutations. Although p16 promoter methylation has been linked to KRAS mutation and smoking, the associations between p16 inactivation mechanisms and other common genetic mutations and smoking status are still controversial or unknown. METHODS: We determined all three p16 inactivation mechanisms with the use of multiple methodologies for genomic status, methylation, RNA, and protein expression, and correlated them with EGFR, KRAS, STK11 mutations and smoking status in 40 cell lines and 45 tumor samples of primary non-small-cell lung carcinoma. We also performed meta-analyses to investigate the impact of smoke exposure on p16 inactivation. RESULTS: p16 inactivation was the major mechanism of RB pathway perturbation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, with homozygous deletion being the most frequent method, followed by methylation and the rarer point mutations. Inactivating mechanisms were tightly correlated with loss of mRNA and protein expression. p16 inactivation occurred at comparable frequencies regardless of mutational status of EGFR, KRAS, and STK11, however, the major inactivation mechanism of p16 varied. p16 methylation was linked to KRAS mutation but was mutually exclusive with EGFR mutation. Cell lines and tumor samples demonstrated similar results. Our meta-analyses confirmed a modest positive association between p16 promoter methylation and smoking. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that all the inactivation mechanisms are truly associated with loss of gene product and identify specific associations between p16 inactivation mechanisms and other genetic changes and smoking status. 40 NSCLC cell lines were profiled on Illumina WG6-V3 expression arrays. They consist of 4 groups of 10 cell lines each: non-smokers with EGFR mutation, non-smokers with EGFR wild-type, smokers with KRAS mutation, smokers with KRAS wild-type. Note that smoking status is not always clear.
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2014-06-02 | E-GEOD-55061 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In this experiment the RNA of s.c. grown tumors of cancer cell lines of murine Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA was isolated and analyzed for gene expression. Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- s.c. PDA grows more benign as compared to Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA; and the rationale of this study was to identify genes responsible for this different biological behavior. Total RNA of s.c. tumors of Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- cancer cell lines was isolated, purified and analyzed on the deep sequencing platform.
2013-11-14 | E-GEOD-52332 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are heterogeneous neoplasms that show clinical and biological differences in association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). To provide adequate therapeutic strategies, biological and clinical characterization is essential to stratify patients based on prognostic and predictive factors. Reports on HNSCC are scarce in Mexico, thus in the present study, we analyze 414 cases of HNSCC, including those of the oropharynx (OPSCC), larynx (LASCC), and oral cavity (OCSCC). We determined the presence of HPV and p16 expression. Global expression profiles were analyzed with Affymetrix HTA 2.0 microarray in 25 selected cases HPV+/p16+ versus HPV-/p16-. In our study we analyze 25 samples derived from HNSCC patients. 18 samples were HPV-/p16- and 7 HPV+/p16+. We compared the HPV-/p16- versus the HPV+/p16+ and identified differentially expressed RNAs with a fold change greater than 1.5 or less than -1.5. These data were used to obtain 98 genes that are differentially expressed in absence of HPV. The present study offers information regarding clinical and molecular characteristics of HNSCC, both associated and unassociated with HPV, in Mexican patients.
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Project description:PTPRD is a tumor suppressor of glioma that is frequently co-deleted with CDKN2A/p16. We show that Ptprd and p16 cooperate to promote gliomagenesis in the RCAS PDGFB / Nestin tv-A glioma mouse model. We found unique gene expression changes within tumor cells of Ptprd+/-p16-/- vs. Ptprd+/+p16-/- and Ptprd-/-p16-/- tumor cells.
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Project description:The KRAS G12D mutation is a key oncogenic driver in many solid tumors, including pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancers. While recent preclinical studies have characterized features associated with innate and acquired KRAS G12D inhibitor resistance, strategies to overcome resistance, especially in the gastrointestinal cancer context, remain underexplored. Here, we generated nine gastrointestinal cancer models of acquired resistance to the KRAS G12D-selective inhibitor MRTX1133. We identified the enrichment of angiogenesis, hypoxia, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in an isogenic patient-derived organoid model of acquired resistance by single-cell RNA sequencing. In the nine resistant models, VEGFA expression and VEGFR2 phosphorylation were unanimously increased. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that an autocrine VEGFA signaling loop, initiated by an increased interaction between KRAS and PI3Kγ, drives both EMT and RAS independence. Elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress in resistant cells led to CCT2-mediated KRAS stabilization, thereby enhancing PI3Kγ activity. Moreover, we observed that cancer-vascular paracrine signaling both amplified angiogenesis and EMT signatures in cancer cells and promoted endothelial cell proliferation. Significantly, disruption of VEGFA signaling reversed EMT induction and restored sensitivity to MRTX1133. Concordantly, in mouse xenograft models, the combination of anti-VEGFR2 therapy and MRTX1133 rechallenge significantly reduced tumor growth, angiogenesis, and proliferation markers without adverse effects on body weight. These findings identify a critical role for VEGFA signaling in resistance to KRAS G12D inhibition and provide a rationale for combination therapies targeting angiogenesis in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Project description:INTRODUCTION: CDKN2A (p16) inactivation is common in lung cancer and occurs via homozygous deletions, methylation of promoter region, or point mutations. Although p16 promoter methylation has been linked to KRAS mutation and smoking, the associations between p16 inactivation mechanisms and other common genetic mutations and smoking status are still controversial or unknown. METHODS: We determined all three p16 inactivation mechanisms with the use of multiple methodologies for genomic status, methylation, RNA, and protein expression, and correlated them with EGFR, KRAS, STK11 mutations and smoking status in 40 cell lines and 45 tumor samples of primary non-small-cell lung carcinoma. We also performed meta-analyses to investigate the impact of smoke exposure on p16 inactivation. RESULTS: p16 inactivation was the major mechanism of RB pathway perturbation in non-small-cell lung carcinoma, with homozygous deletion being the most frequent method, followed by methylation and the rarer point mutations. Inactivating mechanisms were tightly correlated with loss of mRNA and protein expression. p16 inactivation occurred at comparable frequencies regardless of mutational status of EGFR, KRAS, and STK11, however, the major inactivation mechanism of p16 varied. p16 methylation was linked to KRAS mutation but was mutually exclusive with EGFR mutation. Cell lines and tumor samples demonstrated similar results. Our meta-analyses confirmed a modest positive association between p16 promoter methylation and smoking. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that all the inactivation mechanisms are truly associated with loss of gene product and identify specific associations between p16 inactivation mechanisms and other genetic changes and smoking status.
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Project description:In this experiment the RNA of s.c. grown tumors of cancer cell lines of murine Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA was isolated and analyzed for gene expression. Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- s.c. PDA grows more benign as compared to Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA; and the rationale of this study was to identify genes responsible for this different biological behavior.
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