Project description:To identify mRNAs associated with human PUM1 protein, we used a modified Ribonucleoprotein-ImmunoPrecipitation Microarray (RIP-Chip) approach on HeLa S3 cancer cells that express PUM1. PUM ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes were captured from cell-free extracts with anti PUM1 specific antibody Bethyl Laboratories, #300-201A coupled to protein G (PUM1) sepharose beads, and then eluted with SDS-EDTA. To control for non-specifically enriched RNAs, the same procedure was performed with beads that were not coupled with immunoprecipitating antibody (mock samples). Total RNA was isolated from cell extracts and immunopurified samples with the mirVanaTM PARISTM kit (Ambion). RNA was quantified with a NanoDrop device (Witeg AG). Poly-adenylated RNAs were amplified in the presence of aminoallyl-UTP with Amino Allyl MessageAmp II aRNA kit (Ambion). For this purpose, 500 ng total RNA from extracts and half (50-100 ng) of the immunopurified RNAs were used for amplification. 8 ug of the amplified RNAs (aaRNA) were fluorescently labeled with NHS-monoester Cy3 and Cy5 dyes (GE HealthSciences), except for mock RNA samples, where an aaRNA amount proportional to the yield obtained from corresponding PUM affinity isolates was used. For PUM1 RIPs, we performed three biological replicates with technical (dye swap) replicates (total six arrays).(~40 ug aaRNA from PUM1 RIPs, ~9 ug aaRNA from mock RIPs). The Cy3- and Cy5-labeled aaRNA samples were mixed and hybridized to human cDNA microarrays.Detailed methods for microarray experiments are available at http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/protocols/index.html. cDNA microarrays were produced by the Stanford Functional Genomic Facility and contained 43,197 human probes representing 26,524 Unigene cluster IDs (12,466 ENSEMBL annotated genes) spotted on Corning Ultra GAPS slides. Spotted cDNAs were cross-linked with 65 mJ of UV irradiation on slides, which were then post-processed for 1 hour at 42°C in pre-hybridization solution (5x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 0.1 mg/ml BSA), washed twice in 400 ml of 0.1x SSC for 5 min, dunked in 400 ml ultrapure water for 30 sec, and dried by centrifugation at 550 rpm for 5 min. Slides were used the same day. Cy3- and Cy5-labeled aaRNA probes were mixed and applied to arrays in hybridization solution (3x SSC, 20 ug poly(A) RNA [Invitrogen], 20 ug yeast tRNA [Invitrogen], 20 ug Human Cot-1 DNA [Invitrogen], 20 mM HEPES [pH 7.0] and 0.3% SDS) for 18 h at 65°C. The arrays were then washed sequentially in 400 ml of 2x SSC with 0.1% SDS, 1x SSC, and 0.2x SSC. The first wash was performed for 5 min at 65°C, the subsequent washes were performed for 5 min at RT. The arrays were dried by centrifugation and immediately scanned with an AxonScanner 4200A (Molecular Devices). Data were collected using GENEPIX 5.1 (Molecular Devices). Arrays were normalized computationally by the Stanford Microarray Database (SMD). The data were filtered for signal over background of greater than 1.5 in the channel measuring aaRNA from extract, and only features that met these criteria in > 50% of the arrays were included for further analysis. Log2 median ratios were retrieved and exported into Microsoft Excel.To identify transcripts that were specifically enriched by association with PUM1, we performed two class Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) on median centered arrays. A replicate experimental design type is where a series of replicates are performed to evaluate reproducibility or as a pilot study to determine the appropriate number of replicates for a subsequent experiments. Antibody used in IP: 20 ug goat anti-PUMILIO 1 Bethyl Laboratories, #300-201A Keywords: replicate_design

Project description:To identify mRNAs associated with human PUM2 protein, we used a modified Ribonucleoprotein-ImmunoPrecipitation Microarray (RIP-Chip) approach on HeLa S3 cancer cells that express PUM2. PUM ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes were captured from cell-free extracts with specific anti PUM2 antibody coupled to protein A sepharose beads, and then eluted with SDS-EDTA. To control for non-specifically enriched RNAs, the same procedure was performed with beads that were not coupled with immunoprecipitating antibodies (mock samples). Total RNA was isolated from cell extracts and immunopurified samples with the mirVanaTM PARISTM kit (Ambion). RNA was quantified with a NanoDrop device (Witeg AG). Poly-adenylated RNAs were amplified in the presence of aminoallyl-UTP with Amino Allyl MessageAmp II aRNA kit (Ambion). For this purpose, 500 ng total RNA from extracts and half (50-100 ng) of the immunopurified RNAs were used for amplification. 8 ug of the amplified RNAs (aaRNA) were fluorescently labeled with NHS-monoester Cy3 and Cy5 dyes (GE HealthSciences), except for mock RNA samples, where an aaRNA amount proportional to the yield obtained from corresponding PUM affinity isolates was used.For PUM2 RIPs, we performed four biological replicates but omitted the dye swaps due to the lower aaRNA obtained after amplification (~10 ug aaRNA from PUM2 RIPs, 9 ug aaRNA from mock RIPs). The Cy3- and Cy5-labeled aaRNA samples were mixed and hybridized to human cDNA microarrays. Detailed methods for microarray experiments are available at http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/protocols/index.html. cDNA microarrays were produced by the Stanford Functional Genomic Facility and contained 43,197 human probes representing 26,524 Unigene cluster IDs (12,466 ENSEMBL annotated genes) spotted on Corning Ultra GAPS slides. Spotted cDNAs were cross-linked with 65 mJ of UV irradiation on slides, which were then post-processed for 1 hour at 42°C in pre-hybridization solution (5x SSC, 0.1% SDS, 0.1 mg/ml BSA), washed twice in 400 ml of 0.1x SSC for 5 min, dunked in 400 ml ultrapure water for 30 sec, and dried by centrifugation at 550 rpm for 5 min. Slides were used the same day. Cy3- and Cy5-labeled aaRNA probes were mixed and applied to arrays in hybridization solution (3x SSC, 20 ug poly(A) RNA [Invitrogen], 20 ug yeast tRNA [Invitrogen], 20 ug Human Cot-1 DNA [Invitrogen], 20 mM HEPES [pH 7.0] and 0.3% SDS) for 18 h at 65°C. The arrays were then washed sequentially in 400 ml of 2x SSC with 0.1% SDS, 1x SSC, and 0.2x SSC. The first wash was performed for 5 min at 65°C, the subsequent washes were performed for 5 min at RT. The arrays were dried by centrifugation and immediately scanned with an AxonScanner 4200A (Molecular Devices). Data were collected using GENEPIX 5.1 (Molecular Devices). Arrays were normalized computationally by the Stanford Microarray Database (SMD). The data were filtered for signal over background of greater than 1.5 in the channel measuring aaRNA from extract, and only features that met these criteria in > 50% of the arrays were included for further analysis. Log2 median ratios were retrieved and exported into Microsoft Excel. To identify transcripts that were specifically enriched by association with PUM2, we performed two class Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) on median centered arrays. A replicate experimental design type is where a series of replicates are performed to evaluate reproducibility or as a pilot study to determine the appropriate number of replicates for a subsequent experiments. Antibody used in IP: 50 ug rabbit anti-PUMILIO 2 (Bethyl Laboratories, #300-202A) Keywords: replicate_design

Project description:Patient Selection: Three hospitals were involved in the study: Dong Thap Provincial and An Giang Provincial hospitals, both located in the Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam where most of the Typhoid patients were admitted, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, where the malarial patients were admitted. Infection status of each patient was determined by blood culture for the Typhoid patients and by microscopic examination of stained thick and thin peripheral-blood slides for the patients suspected of having Malaria. Patients with blood cultures positive for S. Typhi or S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) (samples designated ST) or peripheral blood smears positive for Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax (samples designated PF) were consented and enrolled in the study. A total of 28 S. Typhi positive patients and one S. Paratyphi A positive patient were enrolled in the first phase of the study and a further 9 S. Typhi and one S. Paratyphi A positive patient were enrolled in the second phase. Nine patients with Malaria caused by P. falciparum and one caused by P. vivax were enrolled. Sixteen uninfected healthy individuals (samples designated HC) were also enrolled in the study (one sample each). The Typhoid patients were randomly chosen to receive either Azithromycin or Gatifloxicin (20mg/kg/day for 7 days) antibiotics. Uncomplicated malaria patients were treated for 3 days with Artekin (dihydroartemisinin with piperaquine phosphate). Venous blood (2.5ml) was collected for total RNA extraction into PaxGene RNA collection tubes (Qiagen) at various times. The first sample (T1) was taken immediately on admission or entry into the study, then samples were collected, 3 (T3), 6-9 (T9 for Typhoid, T7 for Malaria), and 28-45 (T28) days following entry into the study and an average of 9 months (T9M) later. The PaxGene tubes were stored at 4degC until RNA was extracted as per the manufacturers instructions. Purified RNA was shipped on dry ice to Stanford University, CA for use in Microarray analyses. Microarrays: Experimental and reference samples (Human Universal RNA reference {Stratagene}) were amplified using the MessageAmp II aRNA Kit (Ambion) as per the manufacturer's instructions. Four micrograms amplified RNA was labeled through indirect incorporation of Cy5 (experimental) and Cy3 (reference) dyes (protocols can be found at http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/protocols/index.html). The labeled probes were then mixed and hybridized to Stanford Human cDNA arrays with 42 K features. Arrays were scanned using a Genepix 4000A laser scanner and data extracted with Genepix Pro Software version 5.1 (Axon Instruments). The data were then uploaded into the Stanford Microarray Database (SMD). A disease state experiment design type is where the state of some disease such as infection, pathology, syndrome, etc is studied. Compound Based Treatment: Drugs used for treatment Disease State: Malaria, Typhoid or Healthy Controls Keywords: disease_state_design

Project description:Patient Selection: Three hospitals were involved in the study: Dong Thap Provincial and An Giang Provincial hospitals, both located in the Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam where most of the Typhoid patients were admitted, and the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, where the malarial patients were admitted. Infection status of each patient was determined by blood culture for the Typhoid patients and by microscopic examination of stained thick and thin peripheral-blood slides for the patients suspected of having Malaria. Patients with blood cultures positive for S. Typhi or S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A (S. Paratyphi A) (samples designated ST) or peripheral blood smears positive for Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax (samples designated PF) were consented and enrolled in the study. A total of 28 S. Typhi positive patients and one S. Paratyphi A positive patient were enrolled in the first phase of the study and a further 9 S. Typhi and one S. Paratyphi A positive patient were enrolled in the second phase. Nine patients with Malaria caused by P. falciparum and one caused by P. vivax were enrolled. Sixteen uninfected healthy individuals (samples designated HC) were also enrolled in the study (one sample each). The Typhoid patients were randomly chosen to receive either Azithromycin or Gatifloxicin (20mg/kg/day for 7 days) antibiotics. Uncomplicated malaria patients were treated for 3 days with Artekin (dihydroartemisinin with piperaquine phosphate). Venous blood (2.5ml) was collected for total RNA extraction into PaxGene RNA collection tubes (Qiagen) at various times. The first sample (T1) was taken immediately on admission or entry into the study, then samples were collected, 3 (T3), 6-9 (T9 for Typhoid, T7 for Malaria), and 28-45 (T28) days following entry into the study and an average of 9 months (T9M) later. The PaxGene tubes were stored at 4degC until RNA was extracted as per the manufacturers instructions. Purified RNA was shipped on dry ice to Stanford University, CA for use in Microarray analyses. Microarrays: Experimental and reference samples (Human Universal RNA reference {Stratagene}) were amplified using the MessageAmp II aRNA Kit (Ambion) as per the manufacturer's instructions. Four micrograms amplified RNA was labeled through indirect incorporation of Cy5 (experimental) and Cy3 (reference) dyes (protocols can be found at http://cmgm.stanford.edu/pbrown/protocols/index.html). The labeled probes were then mixed and hybridized to Stanford Human cDNA arrays with 42 K features. Arrays were scanned using a Genepix 4000A laser scanner and data extracted with Genepix Pro Software version 5.1 (Axon Instruments). The data were then uploaded into the Stanford Microarray Database (SMD). A disease state experiment design type is where the state of some disease such as infection, pathology, syndrome, etc is studied. Compound Based Treatment: Drugs used for treatment Disease State: Malaria, Typhoid or Healthy Controls Keywords: disease_state_design Complex

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