Transcriptome analysis of E. coli strain MG1655 on exposure to glutathione (GSH) and/or ciprofloxacin
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Escherichia coli Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
PROVIDER: GSE93896 | GEO | 2018/01/29
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide involved in controlling heavy metal movement in plants. Our previous study demonstrated that GSH, applied to plant roots site-specifically, inhibited Cd translocation from roots to shoots in oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus) cultured hydroponically. One of the factors of this inhibitory effect was due to activation of Cd efflux from root cells. To investigate the molecular mechanism triggered by root applied GSH in more detail, the Cd movement was monitored non-invasively using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS). The Cd absorption and efflux process in roots were visualized successfully. The effects of GSH on Cd efflux from root cells were estimated by analyzing obtained imaging data. Another image analysis suggested that Cd return was activated by GSH, applied to roots, at the shoot base. Cutting the shoot base of oilseed rape plants significantly inhibited Cd efflux from root cells. These experimental results demonstrated the shoot base is playing important roles in distributing Cd in the plant bodies. Furthermore, DNA microarray analysis revealed that over 300 genes in the roots of oilseed rape plants responded to root applied GSH. Among them, transporter proteins, related to heavy metal movement in plants, and proteins related to changing the structure of cell walls were involved.
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Project description:An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause severe oxidative damage to cellular components in photosynthetic cells. Antioxidant systems, such as the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, regulate redox status in cells to guard against such damage. Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of oxidized ascorbate (dehydroascorbate) and contains a redox active site and glutathione binding-site. The DHAR gene is important in biological and abiotic stress responses involving reduction of the oxidative damage caused by ROS. In this study, a transgenic microalgae (TA) strain was constructed by cloning the Oryza sativa L. japonica DHAR (OsDHAR) gene controlled by an isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter (Ptrc) into the Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 strain of cyanobacteria to study the functional activities of OsDHAR under oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide exposure. OsDHAR expression increased the growth of S. elongatus PCC 7942 under oxidative stress by reducing the levels of hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde (MDA) and mitigating the loss of chlorophyll. DHAR and glutathione S-transferase activity were higher than in the wild-type (WT) strain. Additionally, overexpression of OsDHAR in S. elongatus PCC 7942 greatly increased the glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio compared to ascorbic acid (AsA)/dehydroascorbate (DHA) ratio in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide. These results strongly suggest that DHAR attenuates deleterious oxidative effects via the glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant system in cyanobacterial cells. The expression of heterologous OsDHAR in S. elongatus PCC 7942 protected cells from oxidative damage through a GSH-dependent antioxidant system via GSH-dependent reactions at the redox active site and GSH binding site residues during oxidative stress.
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Project description:Transcriptome analysis of E. coli strain MG1655 on exposure to glutathione (GSH) and/or ciprofloxacin
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Project description:Glutathione is a tripeptide involved in diverse aspects of plant metabolism. We investigated how the reduced form of glutathione, GSH, applied site-specifically to plants, affects zinc (Zn) distribution and behavior in oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus) cultured hydroponically. Foliar-applied GSH significantly increased the Zn content in shoots and the root-to-shoot Zn translocation ratio; furthermore, this treatment raised the Zn concentration in the cytosol of root cells and substantially enhanced Zn xylem loading. Notably, microarray analysis revealed that the gene encoding pectin methylesterase was upregulated in roots following foliar GSH treatment. We conclude that certain physiological signals triggered in response to foliar-applied GSH were transported via sieve tubes and functioned in root cells, which, in turn, increased Zn availability in roots by releasing Zn from their cell wall. Consequently, root-to-shoot translocation of Zn was activated and Zn accumulation in the shoot was markedly increased.
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Project description:Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections for individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), result in high morbidity and mortality, with premature death often occurring. These infections are complicated by the formation of biofilms in the sputum. Antibiotic therapy is stymied by antibiotic resistance of the biofilm matrix, making novel anti-biofilm strategies highly desirable. Within the P. aeruginosa biofilm, the redox factor pyocyanin enhances biofilm integrity by intercalating with extracellular DNA. The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) reacts with pyocyanin to disrupt intercalation. This study investigated GSH disruption by assaying the physiological effects of GSH and DNase I on biofilms of clinical CF isolates grown in artificial CF sputum media (ASMDM+). Confocal scanning laser microscopy showed that 2mM GSH alone or combined with DNase I significantly disrupted the immature (24 hour) biofilms of Australian Epidemic Strain (AES) isogens AES-1R and AES-1M. GSH alone greatly disrupted the mature (72 hour) biofilm of AES-1R, resulting in significant differential expression of 587 genes, as evidenced by RNA-sequencing. Upregulated systems included cyclic diguanylate and pyoverdine biosynthesis, the Type VI secretion system, nitrate metabolism and translational machinery. Physiochemical biofilm disruption with GSH revealed a metabolically active cellular physiology distinct from either mature or dispersed biofilm physiology. RNA-seq results were validated by biochemical assay and qPCR. Biofilms of a range of CF isolates disrupted with GSH and DNase I were significantly more susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and increased antibiotic effectiveness was achieved at 10mM GSH. This study demonstrated that GSH alone or with DNase I represent effective anti-biofilm treatments when combined with appropriate antibiotics.
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Project description:The essential thiol antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) is recruited into the nucleus of mammalian cells early in cell proliferation, suggesting a key role of the nuclear thiol pool in cell cycle regulation. However, the functions of nuclear GSH (GSHn) and its integration with the cytoplasmic GSH (GSHc) pools in whole cell redox homeostasis and signaling are unknown. Here we show that GSH is recruited into the nucleus early in cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana, confirming the requirement for localization of GSH in the nucleus as a universal feature of cell cycle regulation. GSH accumulation in the nucleus was triggered by treatments that synchronize cells at G1/S as identified by flow cytometry and marker transcripts. Significant decreases in transcripts associated with oxidative signaling and stress tolerance occurred when GSH was localized in the nucleus. Increases in GSH1 and GSH2 transcripts accompanied the large increase in total cellular GSH observed during cell proliferation, but only GSH2 was differentially expressed in cells with high GSHn relative to those with an even intracellular distribution of GSH. Of the 7 Bcl-2 associated (BAG) genes in A. thaliana, only the nuclear-localized BAG 6 was differentially expressed in cells with high GSHn compared to GSHc. We conclude that GSHn is associated with decreased oxidative signaling and stress responses and that whole cell redox homeostasis is restored as the cell cycle progresses by enhanced GSH synthesis and accumulation in the cytoplasm. Arabidopsis cells were harvested at points during cell proliferation where GSH was localized either in the nucleus (GSHn) or where GSH was distributed throughout the cytoplasm (GSHc) for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We selected three stages where the GSH was into the nucleus and three stages where the GSH was distributed throughout the cells.
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