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Cancer-specific retargeting of BAF complexes by a prion-like domain [ATAC-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Alterations in the function of transcriptional regulators can orchestrate oncogenic programs that are critical for the transformation and survival of cancer cells. Here we show that the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, which is mutated in over 20% of human tumors, interacts with EWSR1, a member of the FET family of proteins containing prion-like domains that are frequent partners in oncogenic fusions with transcription factors. In Ewing sarcoma, characterized by the EWS-FLI1 fusion, we find that the BAF complex is recruited by EWS-FLI1 to tumor specific enhancers at GGAA microsatellite repeats and contributes to the activation of target genes. This process depends on tyrosine residues that are necessary for the aggregation properties of the EWSR1 prion-like domain and is a neomorphic feature of EWS-FLI1 compared to the wild type ETS transcription factor FLI1. Furthermore, fusion of short fragments of the EWSR1 prion-like domain to FLI1 is sufficient to recapitulate EWS-FLI1-mediated gene expression. Our studies demonstrate that the aggregation properties of prion-like domains can retarget chromatin regulatory complexes to establish and maintain oncogenic gene expression and proliferation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE94272 | GEO | 2017/08/24

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA369230

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Cancer-specific retargeting of BAF complexes by a prion-like domain [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Alterations in the function of transcriptional regulators can orchestrate oncogenic programs that are critical for the transformation and survival of cancer cells. Here we show that the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, which is mutated in over 20% of human tumors, interacts with EWSR1, a member of the FET family of proteins containing prion-like domains that are frequent partners in oncogenic fusions with transcription factors. In Ewing sarcoma, characterized by the EWS-FLI1 fusion, we find that the BAF complex is recruited by EWS-FLI1 to tumor specific enhancers at GGAA microsatellite repeats and contributes to the activation of target genes. This process depends on tyrosine residues that are necessary for the aggregation properties of the EWSR1 prion-like domain and is a neomorphic feature of EWS-FLI1 compared to the wild type ETS transcription factor FLI1. Furthermore, fusion of short fragments of the EWSR1 prion-like domain to FLI1 is sufficient to recapitulate EWS-FLI1-mediated gene expression. Our studies demonstrate that the aggregation properties of prion-like domains can retarget chromatin regulatory complexes to establish and maintain oncogenic gene expression and proliferation.

2017-08-24 | GSE94277 | GEO

Cancer-specific retargeting of BAF complexes by a prion-like domain [ChIP-Seq]

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Oncofusion driven de novo enhancer assembly promotes malignancy in Ewing sarcoma via aberrant expression of the stereociliary protein LOXHD1 [enhancer knockdown]

Project description:Ewing Sarcoma (EwS) is a highly aggressive tumor of bone and soft tissues that mostly affects children and adolescents. The pathognomonic oncofusion EWSR1-ETS (EWS-FLI1/EWSR1-ERG) transcription factors drive EwS by orchestrating an oncogenic transcription program through de novo enhancers. Pharmacological targeting of these oncofusions has been challenged by unstructured prion-like domains and common DNA binding motifs in the EWSR1 and ETS protein, respectively. Alternatively, identification and characterization of mediators and downstream targets of EWS-FLI1 dependent or independent function could offer novel therapeutic options. By integrative analysis of thousands of transcriptome datasets representing pan-cancer cell lines, primary cancer, metastasis, and normal tissues, we have identified a 32 gene signature (ESS32) that could stratify EwS from pan-cancer. Of the ESS32 (Ewing Sarcoma Specific 32), LOXHD1 - coding for a stereociliary protein was the most exquisite gene expressed in EwS. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated deletion or silencing of EWS-FLI1 bound upstream de novo enhancer elements in EwS cells led to the loss of LOXHD1 expression and altered the EWS-FLI1, MYC, and HIF1 pathway genes, resulting in decreased proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. These observations open up new avenues for developing LOXHD1-targeted drugs or cellular therapies for this deadly disease.

2022-06-04 | GSE163334 | GEO

Oncofusion driven de novo enhancer assembly promotes malignancy in Ewing sarcoma via aberrant expression of the stereociliary protein LOXHD1 [hypoxia]

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Oncofusion driven de novo enhancer assembly promotes malignancy in Ewing sarcoma via aberrant expression of the stereociliary protein LOXHD1 [ChIP-seq]

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Therapeutic Targeting Ewing Sarcoma through Inhibition of the FACT Complex (RNA-Seq II)

Project description:EWS/ETS fusion transcription factors, most commonly EWSR1-FLI1, drive initiation and progression of Ewing sarcoma (EwS), a highly aggressive childhood cancer of bone and soft tissues. Even though direct targeting EWSR1-FLI1 is a formidable challenge, epigenetic or transcriptional modulators have been recently proved to be promising therapeutic targets for indirectly disrupting its expression and/or function. Here, we performed transcriptome and functional genomics dataset analyses, and combined with small molecule screening of EwS lines to identify novel epigenetic/transcriptional-targeted therapeutic strategies. SSRP1 and SUPT16H, two subunits of the Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT) complex, are both found to be EWSR1-FLI1-induced essential oncogenes in EwS. The FACT-targeted drug CBL0137 exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy against multiple EwS preclinical models in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the FACT complex and EWS-FLI1 form oncogenic positive feedback loop via mutual transcriptional regulation and activation, and cooperatively promote cell cycle/DNA replication process and IGF1R-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway to drive EwS oncogenesis. The FACT inhibitor drug CBL0137 effectively targets the EWSR1-FLI1-FACT circuit, resulting in transcriptional disruption of EWS-FLI1, SSRP1 and their downstream effector oncogenic signatures. Our study illustrates a crucial role of the FACT complex in facilitating the expression and function of EWSR1-FLI1 and demonstrates FACT inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy against EwS via indirect targeting the oncogenic fusion TF, providing preclinical support for adding EwS to CBL0137’s future clinical trials.

2022-12-31 | GSE195804 | GEO

Therapeutic Targeting Ewing Sarcoma through Inhibition of the FACT Complex (RNA-Seq I)

2022-12-31 | GSE195803 | GEO

Therapeutic Targeting Ewing Sarcoma through Inhibition of the FACT Complex (ChIP-Seq)

2022-12-31 | GSE195802 | GEO

Tumor-specific retargeting of an oncogenic transcription factor chimera results in dysregulation of chromatin and transcription

Project description:Using EWS-FLI and its parental transcription factor, FLI1, we created a unique experimental system to address questions regarding the genomic mechanisms by which chimeric transcription factors cause cancer. We found that in tumor cells, EWS-FLI targets regions of the genome distinct from FLI1, despite identical DNA-binding domains. In primary endothelial cells, however, EWS-FLI and FLI1 demonstrate similar targeting. To understand this mistargeting, we examined chromatin organization. Regions targeted by EWS-FLI are normally repressed and nucleosomal in primary endothelial cells. In tumor cells, however, bound regions are nucleosome-depleted and harbor the chromatin signature of enhancers. We next demonstrated that through chimerism, EWS-FLI acquired the ability to alter chromatin. Expression of EWS-FLI results in nucleosome depletion at targeted sites, whereas silencing of EWS-FLI in tumor cells restored nucleosome occupancy. Thus, the EWS-FLI chimera acquired chromatin-altering activity, leading to mistargeting, chromatin disruption, and ultimately transcriptional dysregulation. Examination of two transcription factors in two different cell types, as well as three histone methylation marks and FAIRE

2011-11-09 | E-GEOD-31838 | biostudies-arrayexpress

EWS-FLI1 modulated alternative splicing of ARID1A reveals novel oncogenic function through the BAF complex

Project description:There is a long-established connection between epigenetic reprogramming and the local function of the spliceosome. Recently the oncogenic potential of this connection has also been recognized. Recent work has demonstrated that EWS-FLI1 recruits the BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex, however, the specific BAF subunits that interact with EWS-FLI1 and the role of the BAF complex in oncogenesis remains unknown. Within the BAF complex, the AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A, BAF250a) gene encodes a central scaffold. EWS-FLI1 is a well-described transcriptional regulator that also has a role in modulating RNA splicing. While EWS-FLI1 alters the splicing of many mRNA isoforms, the role of splicing modulation in ES oncogenesis remains unknown. Here we report a direct connection between the EWS-FLI1-induced transcriptome and the EWS-FLI1 protein interactome to reveal a novel interaction with a specific isoform of ARID1A that has a direct impact on oncogenicity. We report a novel feed-forward cycle of EWS-FLI1 and ARID1A-L facilitating ES growth through splicing modulation and protein stability that may lead to improved cancer-specific drug targeting.

2019-08-30 | GSE115676 | GEO

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