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Multigenerational effect of antibiotic tetracycline on transcriptional responses of D. magna and its relationship to higher levels of biological organizations

ABSTRACT: Given the risk of environmental pollution by pharmaceutical compounds and the effects of these compounds on exposed ecosystems, ecologically relevant and realistic assessments are required. However, many studies have been mostly focused on individual responses in a single generation exposed to one-effect concentration. Here, transcriptional responses of the crustacean Daphnia magna to the antibiotic tetracycline across multiple generations and effect concentrations were investigated. The results demonstrated that tetracycline induced different transcriptional responses of daphnids that were dependent on dose and generation. For example, reproduction-related expressed sequence tags (ESTs), including vitellogenin, were distinctly related to the dose-dependent tetracycline exposure, whereas multigenerational exposure induced significant change of molting-related ESTs such as cuticle protein. Sixty-five ESTs were shared in all contrasts, suggesting a conserved mechanism of tetracycline toxicity regardless of exposure concentration or time. Most of them were associated with general stress responses including translation, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, effects across the dose-response curve showed higher correlative connections among transcriptional, physiological, and individual responses than multigenerational effects. In the multigenerational exposure, the connectivity between adjacent generations decreased with increasing generation number. The results clearly highlight that exposure concentration and time trigger different mechanisms and functions, providing further evidence that multigenerational and dose-response effects cannot be neglected in environmental risk assessment.

ORGANISM(S): Daphnia magna

PROVIDER: GSE94439 | GEO | 2017/10/16

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA369693

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Previous studies have shown that exposure to ionising radiation (IR) results in DNA methylation changes in plants. However, to the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon is yet to be studied across multiple generations. Furthermore, the exact role of these changes in the IR-induced plant response is still far from understood. Here, we study the effect of gamma radiation on DNA methylation and its effect across generations in young Arabidopsis plant. A multigenerational set-up was used in which three generations of seven-day old Arabidopsis thaliana plants were exposed to either of the different radiation treatments (30 mGy h-1, 60 mGy h-1, 110 mGy h-1, or 430 mGy h-1) or to natural background radiation (control condition) for 14 days. The parental generation consisted of previously non-exposed plants, whereas generation 1 and generation 2 plants had already received a similar irradiation in the previous one or two generations, respectively. Directly after exposure the entire methylomes were analysed with UPLC-MS to measure whole genome methylation levels. Whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) was used to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs), including their methylation context in the three generations in three different radiation conditions (control, 30 mGy/h, and 110 mGy/h). Both intra- and intergenerational comparisons of the genes and transposable elements (TEs) associated with the DMRs were made across the gamma radiation exposure conditions. It was apparent that there was a higher number of changes in CpG methylation, whereas only limited changes in CHG methylation occurred and no changes in CHH methylation were observed. A clear increase in IR-induced DMRs was seen over the three generations that were exposed to the lowest dose rate, where Gen 2 had a markedly higher number of DMRs than the previous two generations (Parent and Gen 1). Counterintuitively, we did not see significant differences in the plants exposed to the higher dose rate. In addition, a large number of DMRs associated with TEs were found, the majority of them being hyper methylated, likely leading to more genetic stability. Next to that, a significant number of DMRs were associated with genes (either in their promoter associated region or gene body). A functional analysis of these genes (not included in with this data) showed an enrichment for genes related to development as well as various stress responses, including DNA repair, RNA splicing, and (a)biotic stress responses. These observations indicate a role of DNA methylation in the regulation of these genes in response to IR exposure and shows a possible role for epigenetics in adaptation to IR in plants.

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Multigenerational effect of antibiotic tetracycline on transcriptional responses of D. magna and its relationship to higher levels of biological organizations

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