PCGF5 is required for neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells [RNA-seq]
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE95127 | GEO | 2018/03/10
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Polycomb-group proteins are key regulators of the transcriptional programs that maintain stem cell identity and dictate lineage specification. Polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1) contains the E3 ligases RING1A/B, which monoubiquitinate lysine 119 at histone H2A (H2AK119ub1) to regulate gene expression. PRC1 has been sub-classified into six major complexes based on the presence of a PCGF subunit. Here, we find that Pcgf5, one of six PCGF paralogs, is an important requirement in the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) towards a neural cell fate. Although PCGF5 is not required for mESC self-renewal, its loss blocks mESC neural differentiation by activating the SMAD2/TGF-β signaling pathway. Inhibition of SMAD2/TGF-β signaling or rescue by overexpression of Pcgf5 can restore the capability of mESCs to differentiate towards a neural cell fate. PCGF5 works by stimulating RING1B-dependent H2AK119ub1 both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the suppression of TGF-β signaling genes. PCGF5 loss-of-function prevents the reduction of H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3 around neural specific genes and keeps them repressed. Our results showed that PCGF5 might function as both a repressor for SMAD2/TGF-β signaling pathway and a facilitator for neural differentiation. Together, our findings reveal a critical context-specific function for PCGF5 in directing PRC1 to control cell fate.
2018-03-10 | GSE107377 | GEO
Project description:The heterogeneous nature of mammalian PRC1 complexes has hindered our understanding of their biological functions. Here, we present a comprehensive proteomic and genomic analysis that uncovered six major groups of PRC1 complexes each containing a distinct PCGF subunit, a RING1A/B ubiquitin ligase, and a unique set of associated polypeptides. These PRC1 complexes differ in their genomic localization and only a small subset co-localize with H3K27me3. Further biochemical dissection revealed that the six PCGF–RING1A/B combinations form multiple complexes through association with RYBP or its homolog YAF2, which prevents the incorporation of other canonical PRC1 subunits such as CBX, PHC and SCM. Although both RYBP/YAF2- and CBX/PHC/SCM-containing complexes compact chromatin, only RYBP stimulates the activity of RING1B toward H2AK119ub1, suggesting a central role in PRC1 function. Knockdown of RYBP in ES cells compromised their ability to form embryoid bodies, likely because of defects in cell proliferation and maintenance of H2AK119ub1 level.
2012-02-09 | GSE34774 | GEO
Project description:The heterogeneous nature of mammalian PRC1 complexes has hindered our understanding of their biological functions. Here, we present a comprehensive proteomic and genomic analysis that uncovered six major groups of PRC1 complexes each containing a distinct PCGF subunit, a RING1A/B ubiquitin ligase, and a unique set of associated polypeptides. These PRC1 complexes differ in their genomic localization and only a small subset co-localize with H3K27me3. Further biochemical dissection revealed that the six PCGFM-bM-^@M-^SRING1A/B combinations form multiple complexes through association with RYBP or its homolog YAF2, which prevents the incorporation of other canonical PRC1 subunits such as CBX, PHC and SCM. Although both RYBP/YAF2- and CBX/PHC/SCM-containing complexes compact chromatin, only RYBP stimulates the activity of RING1B toward H2AK119ub1, suggesting a central role in PRC1 function. Knockdown of RYBP in ES cells compromised their ability to form embryoid bodies, likely because of defects in cell proliferation and maintenance of H2AK119ub1 level. ChIP-seq experiments of different PRC1 components were performed either on HA-tagged transgenic stable 293T-REx lines or on endogenous subunits using specific antibodies.
2012-02-09 | E-GEOD-34774 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Smad2 and Smad3 (Smad2/3) primarily mediates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling that drives cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The dynamics of the Smad2/3 phosphorylation provides the key mechanism for regulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. Here we identified NLK as a novel regulator of TGF-β signaling pathway via modulating the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in the linker region.
2021-09-10 | PXD023957 | Pride
Project description:The Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is essential for fate decisions of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Emerging evidence suggests that six major variants of PRC1 complex, defined by the mutually exclusive presence of Pcgf subunit, regulate distinct biological processes, yet very little is known about the mechanism by which each version of PRC1 instructs and maintains cell fate. Here, we disrupted the Pcgf1, also known as Nspc1 and one of six Pcgf paralogs, in mouse ES cells by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We showed that although these mutant cells were viable and retained normal self-renewal, they displayed severe defects in differentiation in vitro. To gain a better understanding of the role of Pcgf1 in transcriptional control of differentiation, we analysed mRNA profiles from Pcgf1 deficient cells using RNA-seq. In contrast to the canonical role of PRC1 in gene repression, we found that Pcgf1 mainly functioned as a transcriptional activator to drive expression of many genes involved in ectoderm and mesoderm differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that Pcgf1 deletion caused a decrease in Ring1B and its associated H2AK119ub1 mark binding to target genes. Altogether, our results revealed an unexpected function of Pcgf1 in gene activation during ES cell maintenance.
2017-06-13 | GSE95383 | GEO
Project description:Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Foxh1 ChIPseq performed in pluripotent mESC and embryonic bodies (EBs). RNAseq were performed in WT mESCs and Ebs of WT, Smad2KO, Smad3KO and Smad2/3DKO.
2019-09-05 | GSE125116 | GEO
Project description:The transcriptional repressors Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 are required to maintain cell fate during embryonic development. PRC1 and PRC2 catalyse distinct histone modifications, establishing repressive chromatin at shared targets. Loss of PRC1, but not PRC2, from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) triggers exit from pluripotency. How PRC2 and PRC1, which consists of distinct “variant PRC1” (vPRC1) and “canonical PRC1” (cPRC1) complexes, cooperate to silence genes and support mESC self-renewal is unclear. Here, we report that independent pathways composed of vPRC1 and cPRC1/PRC2 repress shared target genes. Individual loss of vPRC1, cPRC1, or PRC2 disrupts only one pathway and does not impair mESC pluripotency. However, loss of both pathways leads to mESC differentiation and activation of a subset of poised target genes co-occupied by relatively high levels of PRC1/PRC2. Thus, parallel pathways explains the differential requirements for PRC1 and PRC2, and provides robust silencing of poised, lineage-specific genes.
2020-04-02 | GSE136584 | GEO
Project description:This model is from the article:
Quantitative analysis of transient and sustained transforming growth factor-β signaling dynamics.
Zhike Zi, Zipei Feng, Douglas A Chapnick, Markus Dahl, Difan Deng, Edda Klipp, Aristidis Moustakas & Xuedong Liu Molecular Systems Biology
2011 May 24;7:492. 21613981
,
Abstract:
Mammalian cells can decode the concentration of extracellular transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and transduce this cue into appropriate cell fate decisions. How variable TGF-β ligand doses quantitatively control intracellular signaling dynamics and how continuous ligand doses are translated into discontinuous cellular fate decisions remain poorly understood. Using a combined experimental and mathematical modeling approach, we discovered that cells respond differently to continuous and pulsating TGF-β stimulation. The TGF-β pathway elicits a transient signaling response to a single pulse of TGF-β stimulation, whereas it is capable of integrating repeated pulses of ligand stimulation at short time interval, resulting in sustained phospho-Smad2 and transcriptional responses. Additionally, the TGF-β pathway displays different sensitivities to ligand doses at different time scales. While ligand-induced short-term Smad2 phosphorylation is graded, long-term Smad2 phosphorylation is switch-like to a small change in TGF-β levels. Correspondingly, the short-term Smad7 gene expression is graded, while long-term PAI-1 gene expression is switch-like, as is the long-term growth inhibitory response. Our results suggest that long-term switch-like signaling responses in the TGF-β pathway might be critical for cell fate determination.
Note:
Developer of the model: Zhike Zi
Reference: Zi Z. et al., Quantitative Analysis of Transient and Sustained Transforming Growth Factor-beta Signaling Dynamics, Molecular Systems Biology, 2011
1. The global parameter that set the type of stimulation
(a) for sustained TGF-beta stimulation: set stimulation_type = 1.
(b) for single pulse of TGF-beta stimulation: set stimulation_type = 2.
parameter "single_pulse_duration" is for the duration of stimulation, for example,
single_pulse_duration = 0.5, for 0.5 min (30 seconds) of TGF-beta stimulation.
*Note: make sure that the time course cover the time point when the event is triggered.
(c) for single pulse of TGF-beta stimulation in COPASI
change the trigger of event "single_pulse_TGF_beta_washout"
from
"and(eq(stimulation_type, 2), eq(time, single_pulse_duration))" (for SBML-SAT)
to
"and(eq(stimulation_type, 2), gt(time, single_pulse_duration))" (for COPASI)
2. Notes for TGF-beta dose in terms of molecules per cell
(a) The following equation applies for conversion of TGF-beta dose in molecules per cell
TGF_beta_dose_mol_per_cell = initial TGF_beta_ex*1e-9*Vmed*6e23
(b) for standard experimental setup 1e6 cells in 2 mL medium
0.001 nM initial TGF_beta_ex is approximately equal to the dose of 1200 TGF-beta molecules/cell
0.050 nM initial TGF_beta_ex is approximately equal to the dose of 60000 TGF-beta molecules/cell
(c) For 1e6 cells in 10 mL medium, please change the initial compartment size of Vmed and the corresponding assignment rule for Vmed.
initial Vmed = 1e-8 (1e6 cells in 10 mL medium)
Vmed = 0.010/(1e6*exp(log(1.45)*time/1440)) (1e6 cells in 10 mL medium)
3. Please note that this model contains events and the medium compartment size is varied.
4. For the model simulation in SBML-SAT, please remove initialAssignments and save it as SBML Level 2 Verion 1 file.
2011-07-14 | BIOMD0000000342 | BioModels
Project description:Specific regulation of target genes by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a given cellular context is determined in part by transcription factors and cofactors that interact with the Smad complex. In the present study, we determined Smad2 and Smad3 (Smad2/3) binding regions in the promoters of known genes in HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells, and compared them to those in HaCaT epidermal keratinocytes to elucidate the mechanisms of cell type- and context-dependent regulation of transcription induced by TGF-β. Our results show that 81% of the Smad2/3 binding regions in HepG2 cells were not shared with those found in HaCaT cells. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is expressed in HepG2 cells, but not in HaCaT cells, and the HNF4α binding motif was identified as an enriched motif in the HepG2-specific Smad2/3 binding regions. ChIP-sequencing analysis of HNF4A binding regions under TGF-β stimulation revealed that 32.5% of the Smad2/3 binding regions overlapped HNF4A bindings. MIXL1 was identified as a new combinatorial target of HNF4A and Smad2/3, and both the HNF4A protein and its binding motif were required for the induction of MIXL1 by TGF-β in HepG2 cells. These findings generalize the importance of binding of HNF4A on Smad2/3 binding genomic regions for HepG2-specific regulation of transcription by TGF-β, and suggest that certain transcription factors expressed in a cell-type-specific manner play important roles in the transcription regulated by the TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway. HepG2 cells were treated with TGF-beta for 1.5 h or left untreated. anti-HNF4A ChIP-seq was performed. One lane was used for each sample.
2011-06-08 | E-GEOD-28845 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:New findings demonstrate that transcriptional factors alternative to Smad4 can bind to Smad2/3 and mediate different transcriptional effects. In this study, we detected constitutively phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in Smad4-null pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3. Both pan-specific TGF-β-neutralizing antibody and specific TGF-β type I receptor (TβR-I) inhibitor, SB-431542, can decrease steady-state p-Smad2/3 levels. Moreover, exogenous TGF-β strongly stimulated translocation of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) into the nucleus. Therefore, we identified TGF-β-responsive genes using genome-wide oligonucleotide microarrays and confirmed their dependency on Smad2/3 by the combination of RNA interference (RNAi) and microarray assay. The major finding from our microarray analysis was that of the 262 target genes seen to be regulated via TGF-β induction, 87 were differentially transcriptionally controlled by Smad2/3 signaling and 175 were Smad2/3-independent. Our results showed that integrin β6 was transcriptionally up-regulated via TGF-β induction in a Smad3-dependent manner, which was validated by real-time RT-PCR and western blot. We also provide evidence that αVβ6 integrin can activate TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling. Thus, we for the first time suggest the positive feedback loop compose of TGF-β-Smad3 signaling and integrin β6. Functional analysis revealed that exogenous TGF-β can amplify the invasive property of Smad4-deficient pancreatic cancer cells; however, TGF-β-neutralizing antibody, specific TβR-I inhibitor, and anti-αVβ6 integrin antibody can reduce it. Therefore, integrin β6 mediated the invasion of BxPC-3 cells induced by TGF-β signaling. Keywords: cell type comparison
2007-09-01 | GSE8464 | GEO