AG-221 as an effective and on-target therapy in IDH2 mutant AML
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE97078 | GEO | 2017/04/15
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA380630
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Genomic studies in acute myeloid leukemias (AML) have identified mutations which drive altered DNA methylation, including TET2 and IDH. Functional studies have shown these mutations contribute to transformation, although how these mutations impact the response to epigenetic therapies is not fully delineated. Here we show AMLs with TET2/IDH2 mutations combined with FLT3ITD mutations are specifically sensitive to 5-Azacytidine or to the IDH2 inhibitor AG-221, respectively. 5-Azacytidine/AG-221 therapies induced a reduction in leukemic blasts and in stem/progenitor expansion, with attenuation of aberrant DNA hypermethylation. These therapeutic benefits were achieved through restoration of differentiation, such that normalized hematopoiesis was derived from mutant cells. Consistent with these data, at the time of clinical response to 5-Azacytidine or AG-221, most patients had mutant-derived hematopoiesis. By contrast, combined AG-221/5-Azacytidine plus FLT3 inhibition reduced disease burden and reversed epigenetic dysfunction. Our studies suggest combined targeting of signaling and epigenetic pathways can increase therapeutic response in AML.
2017-02-25 | GSE78690 | GEO
Project description:Genomic studies in acute myeloid leukemias (AML) have identified mutations which drive altered DNA methylation, including TET2 and IDH. Functional studies have shown these mutations contribute to transformation, although how these mutations impact the response to epigenetic therapies is not fully delineated. Here we show AMLs with TET2/IDH2 mutations combined with FLT3ITD mutations are specifically sensitive to 5-Azacytidine or to the IDH2 inhibitor AG-221, respectively. 5-Azacytidine/AG-221 therapies induced a reduction in leukemic blasts and in stem/progenitor expansion, with attenuation of aberrant DNA hypermethylation. These therapeutic benefits were achieved through restoration of differentiation, such that normalized hematopoiesis was derived from mutant cells. Consistent with these data, at the time of clinical response to 5-Azacytidine or AG-221, most patients had mutant-derived hematopoiesis. By contrast, combined AG-221/5-Azacytidine plus FLT3 inhibition reduced disease burden and reversed epigenetic dysfunction. Our studies suggest combined targeting of signaling and epigenetic pathways can increase therapeutic response in AML.
2017-02-25 | GSE78691 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) have been discovered in several cancer types and cause the neurometabolic syndrome D2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA). The mutant enzymes exhibit neomorphic activity resulting in production of D2- hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2HG). To study the pathophysiological consequences of the accumulation of D2-HG, we generated transgenic mice with conditionally activated IDH2R140Q and IDH2R172K alleles. Global induction of mutant IDH2 expression in adults resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy, white matter abnormalities throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and muscular dystrophy. Embryonic activation of mutant IDH2 resulted in more pronounced phenotypes, including runting, hydrocephalus, and shortened life span—recapitulating the abnormalities observed in D2HGA patients. The diseased hearts exhibited mitochondrial damage and glycogen accumulation with a concordant upregulation of genes involved in glycogen biosynthesis. Notably, mild cardiac hypertrophy was also observed in nude mice implanted with IDH2R140Q expressing xenografts, suggesting that 2HG may potentially act in a paracrine fashion. Finally, we show that silencing of IDH2R140Q in mice with an inducible transgene restores heart function by lowering 2HG levels. Together, these findings indicate that inhibitors of mutant IDH2 may be beneficial in the treatment of D2HGA and suggest that 2HG produced by IDH mutant tumors has the potential to provoke a paraneoplastic condition. We have performed microarray expression profiling of hearts from IDH2 mutant and control mice.
2014-03-01 | E-GEOD-54838 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 & 2 (IDH1/2) are genes involved in epigenetic regulation, each mutated in 7-23% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated whether hotspot mutations in these genes encode neoantigens that can be targeted by immunotherapy. Five EBV-B cell lines expressing common HLA class I alleles were transduced with a minigene construct containing mutations that often occur in DNMT3A or IDH1/2. Peptides eluted from HLA class I alleles on these EBV-B cell lines were analyzed by tandem mass spec-trometry. We identified an HLA-A*01:01-binding DNMT3AR882H peptide and HLA-B*07:02-binding IDH2R140Q peptide, for which we searched for specific T cells in healthy individuals using pep-tide-HLA tetramers. Various T-cell clones were isolated showing specific reactivity against cell lines transduced with full-length DNMT3AR882H or IDH2R140Q genes, while cell lines transduced with wildtype genes were not recognized. One T-cell clone for DNMT3AR882H also reacted against patient AML cells with the mutation, while AML cells without the mutation were not recognized, thereby validating surface presentation of a DNMT3AR882H neoantigen that can potentially be targeted on HLA-A*01:01 positive AML by immunotherapy.
2024-06-23 | PXD050560 | Pride
Project description:Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) have been discovered in several cancer types and cause the neurometabolic syndrome D2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA). The mutant enzymes exhibit neomorphic activity resulting in production of D2- hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2HG). To study the pathophysiological consequences of the accumulation of D2-HG, we generated transgenic mice with conditionally activated IDH2R140Q and IDH2R172K alleles. Global induction of mutant IDH2 expression in adults resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy, white matter abnormalities throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and muscular dystrophy. Embryonic activation of mutant IDH2 resulted in more pronounced phenotypes, including runting, hydrocephalus, and shortened life span—recapitulating the abnormalities observed in D2HGA patients. The diseased hearts exhibited mitochondrial damage and glycogen accumulation with a concordant upregulation of genes involved in glycogen biosynthesis. Notably, mild cardiac hypertrophy was also observed in nude mice implanted with IDH2R140Q expressing xenografts, suggesting that 2HG may potentially act in a paracrine fashion. Finally, we show that silencing of IDH2R140Q in mice with an inducible transgene restores heart function by lowering 2HG levels. Together, these findings indicate that inhibitors of mutant IDH2 may be beneficial in the treatment of D2HGA and suggest that 2HG produced by IDH mutant tumors has the potential to provoke a paraneoplastic condition.
2014-03-01 | GSE54838 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes are frequently observed in a wide variety of hematologic malignancies, including myeloid and T-cell leukemias. In this study, we generated Idh2R140Q transgenic mice to examine the role of the Idh2R140Q mutation in leukemia. No leukemia developed in Idh2R140Q transgenic mice, suggesting a need for additional genetic events for leukemia development. Since myeloid cells from NUP98-HOXD13 fusion (NHD13) transgenic mice frequently acquire somatic Idh mutations when they transform to AML, we generated Idh2R140Q/NHD13 double transgenic mice. Idh2R140Q/NHD13 transgenic mice developed an immature T cell leukemia with an immunophenotype similar to double-negative 1 (DN1) or DN2 thymocytes. Idh2R140Q/NHD13 leukemic cells were enriched for an early thymic precursor transcriptional signature, and the gene expression profile for Idh2R140Q/NHD13 DN1/DN2 T-ALL closely matched that of human early/immature T cell precursor (EITP) ALL. Moreover, recurrent mutations found in EITP ALL patients, including KRAS, PTPN11, JAK3, SH2B3, and EZH2 were also found in Idh2R140Q/NHD13 DN1/DN2 T-ALL. In vitro treatment of Idh2R140Q/NHD13 thymocytes with enasidenib, a selective inhibitor of mutant IDH2, led to a marked decrease in leukemic cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that Idh2R140Q/NHD13 mice can serve as a useful in vivo model for the study of EITP ALL development and therapy. We used gene expression arrays to compare the global gene expression profiles between Idh2R140Q/NHD13 DN1/DN2 T-ALL, non-DN1/DN2 cortical T-ALL (CD4+CD8+) and wild-type thymus.
2021-10-23 | GSE181007 | GEO
Project description:AG-221 as an effective and on-target therapy in IDH2 mutant AML
| PRJNA380630 | ENA
Project description:Genes impacting DNA methylation (DNAme), like IDH2, are frequently co-mutated with splicing factors, like SRSF2, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These co-occurring mutations are associated with more aggressive phenotypes but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. To address this gap, we profiled wild-type, IDH2R140Q or SRSF2P95 single-mutants and IDH2R140Q/SRSF2P95 double-mutant AMLs at a deep resolution level. We find a unique set of mis-spliced genes and differentially methylated CpGs in double-mutants. Mis-spliced exons are enriched in CCNG splicing enhancers and in the corresponding DNAme changes. Using a machine-learning model, we can accurately predict exon inclusion levels from proximal CpGs. These CpGs are more likely to overlap with footprints of RNA-binding and chromatin-modifying complexes but not transcription factors. We also report unique gene expression profiles associated with each genotype; however, the differentially expressed genes do not overlap with mis-spliced transcripts. Instead, the mis-spliced genes encode for proteins that interact with the gene regulatory complexes that control the expression of these differentially expressed genes. Thus, we propose a mechanism where synergism between aberrant DNAme and splicing leads to the mis-splicing of key components in gene regulatory complexes, thus resulting in the aberrant gene expression profiles characteristic of these AMLs.
2025-11-26 | GSE280581 | GEO
Project description:Genes impacting DNA methylation (DNAme), like IDH2, are frequently co-mutated with splicing factors, like SRSF2, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These co-occurring mutations are associated with more aggressive phenotypes but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. To address this gap, we profiled wild-type, IDH2R140Q or SRSF2P95 single-mutants and IDH2R140Q/SRSF2P95 double-mutant AMLs at a deep resolution level. We find a unique set of mis-spliced genes and differentially methylated CpGs in double-mutants. Mis-spliced exons are enriched in CCNG splicing enhancers and in the corresponding DNAme changes. Using a machine-learning model, we can accurately predict exon inclusion levels from proximal CpGs. These CpGs are more likely to overlap with footprints of RNA-binding and chromatin-modifying complexes but not transcription factors. We also report unique gene expression profiles associated with each genotype; however, the differentially expressed genes do not overlap with mis-spliced transcripts. Instead, the mis-spliced genes encode for proteins that interact with the gene regulatory complexes that control the expression of these differentially expressed genes. Thus, we propose a mechanism where synergism between aberrant DNAme and splicing leads to the mis-splicing of key components in gene regulatory complexes, thus resulting in the aberrant gene expression profiles characteristic of these AMLs.
2025-11-26 | GSE280562 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are frequently observed in various cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutant IDHs convert α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which dysregulates a set ofα-KG-dependent dioxygenases. To determine whether mutant IDHs are valid targets for cancer therapy, we established a mouse AML model harboring an IDH2 mutation by transplanting mice with nucleophosmin1 (NPM1)+/- mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells that had been co-transduced with four mutant genes (NPMc, IDH2/R140Q, DNMT3A/R882H and FLT3/ITD) that frequently occur simultaneously in human AML patients. IDH2/R140Q is necessary for the engraftment or survival of NPMc+ cells in vivo. Gene-expression analysis indicated that NPMc increased the expression of Hoxa9, and that IDH2/R140Q increased the level of Meis1 and activated the hypoxia pathway in AML cells. Conditional deletion of IDH2/R140Q blocked 2-HG production and maintenance of leukemia stem cells, resulting in survival of the AML mice. IDH2/R140Q reversibly decreased the levels of 5hmC modification and gene expression at some differentiation inducing genes (Ebf1, Pax5 and Spib). These results indicate that the IDH2 mutation is critical for the development and maintenance of AML stem cells, and that mutant IDHs are promising targets for anticancer therapy.
2015-03-25 | GSE63618 | GEO