Combining RNA-Seq and Somatic CRISPR Mutagenesis to Study Mouse Neural Development in vivo
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE98838 | GEO | 2017/05/31
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA386369
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:To define molecular mechanisms underlying rod and cone differentiation, we generated H9 human embryonic stem cell line carrying a GFP reporter that is controlled by the promoter of cone-rod homeobox (CRX) gene, the first known marker of post-mitotic photoreceptor precursors. CRXp-GFP reporter in H9 line replicates endogenous CRX expression when induced to form self-organizing 3-D retina-like tissue. We define temporal transcriptome dynamics of developing photoreceptors during the establishment of cone and rod cell fate. Our studies provide an essential framework for delineating molecules and cellular pathways that guide human photoreceptor development and should assist in chemical screening and cell-based therapies of retinal degeneration.
2015-08-03 | GSE67645 | GEO
Project description:To define molecular mechanisms underlying rod and cone differentiation, we generated H9 human embryonic stem cell line carrying a GFP reporter that is controlled by the promoter of cone-rod homeobox (CRX) gene, the first known marker of post-mitotic photoreceptor precursors. CRXp-GFP reporter in H9 line replicates endogenous CRX expression when induced to form self-organizing 3-D retina-like tissue. We define temporal transcriptome dynamics of developing photoreceptors during the establishment of cone and rod cell fate. Our studies provide an essential framework for delineating molecules and cellular pathways that guide human photoreceptor development and should assist in chemical screening and cell-based therapies of retinal degeneration. Undifferentiated CRXp-GFP HP hES cells and 3D-neural retina were collected at days 37, 47, 67 and 90 and dissociated into single cells. Cells were sorted at 4°C and by FACSAria (Becton Dickinson). GFP+ and GFP- cells were separately collected. Total RNA was extracted by RNA purification kit (Norgen Biotek) and analyzed by 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies Genomics). High quality of total RNA (RIN: 7.7-9.2) was subjected to libraries construction using 40-60 ng of total RNA as input. Libraries were constructed using a stranded modification of the Illumina TruSeq mRNA (Brooks, et al. Meth Mol Biol 2012). Each library was single-end sequenced in an independent lane of a GAIIx at a length of 76 bases. Fastq files were generated from reads passing chastity filter.
2015-08-03 | E-GEOD-67645 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Rod and cone photoreceptors in mammalian retina are generated from common pool(s) of neuroepithelial progenitors. NRL, CRX and NR2E3 are key transcriptional regulators that control photoreceptor differentiation. Mutations in NR2E3, a rod-specific orphan nuclear receptor, lead to loss of rods, increased density of S-cones, and supernormal S-cone-mediated vision in humans. To better understand its in vivo function, NR2E3 was expressed ectopically in the Nrl-/- retina, where post-mitotic precursors fated to be rods develop into functional S-cones similar to the human NR2E3 disease. Expression of NR2E3 in the Nrl-/- retina completely suppressed cone differentiation and resulted in morphologically rod-like photoreceptors, which were not functional. Gene profiling of FACS-purified photoreceptors confirmed the role of NR2E3 as a strong suppressor of cone genes and an activator of a subset of rod genes (including rhodopsin) in vivo. Ectopic expression of NR2E3 in cone precursors and differentiating S-cones of wild type retina also generates rod-like cells. The dual regulatory function of NR2E3 is not dependent upon the presence of NRL and/or CRX, but on the timing and level of its expression. Our studies reveal a critical role of NR2E3 in establishing functional specificity of post-mitotic photoreceptor precursors during retinal neurogenesis. Experiment Overall Design: We mated the Crx::Nr2e3/Nrlko mice with the Nrl::GFP transgenic mice, in which the expression of GFP is driven by an Nrl promoter. Mouse retinas were dissected at 4 wk. GFP+ photoreceptors were enriched by FACS (FACSAria, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). RNA was extracted from 1~5x105 flow-sorted cells using Trizol (Invitrogen). Total RNA (40-60 ng) was used for linear amplification with Ovation Biotin labeling system (Nugen), and 2.75 ug of biotin-labeled fragmented cDNA was hybridized to mouse GeneChips MOE430.2.0 (Affymetrix) having 45,101 probesets (corresponding to over 39,000 transcripts, and 34,000 annotated mouse genes). Experiment Overall Design: Four independent samples were used at 4 weeks. We normalized Experiment Overall Design: Crx::Nr2e3/Nrl-ko-Gfp data along with Nrl-ko-Gfp 4 weeks samples ( 4 replicates, refer to Series submission GSE4051). The normalized data was then subjected to two stage analysis based on False Discovery Rate Confidence Interval (FDR-CI) for screening differentially expressed genes (24, 27) with a minimum fold change of 4.
2008-06-13 | E-GEOD-5338 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Adjusting to a wide range of light intensities is an essential feature of retinal rod bipolar cell (RBC) function, and persuasive evidence suggests this modulation involves phosphorylation by protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha). PKC-alpha is a serine/threonine kinase that is strongly expressed in RBCs, but the targets of PKC-alpha phosphorylation in the retina have not been identified. PKC-alpha activity and phosphorylation in RBCs was examined by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy using a conformation-specific PKC-alpha antibody and antibodies to phosphorylated PKC motifs. PKC-alpha activity was dependent on light and expression of TRPM1, and RBC dendrites were the primary sites of light-dependent phosphorylation. PKC-alpha-dependent retinal phosphoproteins were identified using a multiplexed tandem mass tag-based approach to compare total protein and phosphopeptide abundance between phorbol ester-treated wild type and PKC-alpha knockout (PKC-alpha-KO) mouse retinas. Of the 23 proteins showing significant differential abundance between the two groups, most have roles in cytoskeleton/transport, transcriptional regulation, or metabolism/homeostasis. Phosphopeptide mass spectrometry identified over 1100 phosphopeptides in mouse retina, with 12 displaying significantly greater phosphorylation in WT compared to PKC-alpha-KO samples. The differentially phosphorylated proteins fall into the following functional groups: cytoskeleton/transport (4 proteins), ECM/adhesion (2 proteins), signaling (2 proteins), transcriptional regulation (3 proteins), and homeostasis/metabolism (1 protein). Two strongly differentially expressed phosphoproteins, BORG4 and TPBG, were localized to the synaptic layers of the retina, and may play a role in PKC-alpha-dependent modulation of RBC physiology.
2019-07-15 | PXD012906 | Pride
Project description:Cone photoreceptors are the primary initiator of visual transduction in the human retina. Dysfunction or death of rod photoreceptors precedes cone loss in many retinal and macular degenerative diseases, suggesting a rod-dependent trophic support for cone survival. Rod differentiation and homeostasis are dependent on the basic motif leucine zipper transcription factor NRL. The loss of Nrl in mice (Nrl-/-) results in a retina with predominantly S-opsin containing cones that exhibit molecular and functional characteristics of WT cones. Here we report that Nrl-/- retina undergoes a rapid but transient period of degeneration in early adulthood, with cone apoptosis, retinal detachment, alterations in retinal vessel structure, and activation and translocation of retinal microglia. However, cone degeneration stabilizes by four months of age, resulting in a thinned but intact outer nuclear layer with residual cones expressing S- and M-opsins and a preserved photopic ERG. At this stage, microglia translocate back to the inner retina and reacquire a quiescent morphology. Gene profiling analysis during the period of transient degeneration reveals misregulation of stress response and inflammation genes, implying their involvement in cone death. The Nrl-/- retina illustrates the long-term viability of cones in the absence of rods and may serve as a model for elucidating mechanisms of cone homeostasis and degeneration that would be relevant to understanding diseases of the cone-dominant human macula. Targets were generated from a pair of retinas (one Nrl-/- mouse) per biological replicate. Four biological replicates were generated for each of the five aging timepoints (1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 months post natal).
2011-11-15 | E-GEOD-33674 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Rod and cone photoreceptors in mammalian retina are generated from common pool(s) of neuroepithelial progenitors. NRL, CRX and NR2E3 are key transcriptional regulators that control photoreceptor differentiation. Mutations in NR2E3, a rod-specific orphan nuclear receptor, lead to loss of rods, increased density of S-cones, and supernormal S-cone-mediated vision in humans. To better understand its in vivo function, NR2E3 was expressed ectopically in the Nrl-/- retina, where post-mitotic precursors fated to be rods develop into functional S-cones similar to the human NR2E3 disease. Expression of NR2E3 in the Nrl-/- retina completely suppressed cone differentiation and resulted in morphologically rod-like photoreceptors, which were not functional. Gene profiling of FACS-purified photoreceptors confirmed the role of NR2E3 as a strong suppressor of cone genes and an activator of a subset of rod genes (including rhodopsin) in vivo. Ectopic expression of NR2E3 in cone precursors and differentiating S-cones of wild type retina also generates rod-like cells. The dual regulatory function of NR2E3 is not dependent upon the presence of NRL and/or CRX, but on the timing and level of its expression. Our studies reveal a critical role of NR2E3 in establishing functional specificity of post-mitotic photoreceptor precursors during retinal neurogenesis. Keywords: genetic modification
2006-08-18 | GSE5338 | GEO
Project description:In inherited retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), rod photoreceptor-specific mutations cause primary rod degeneration that is followed by secondary cone death and loss of high-acuity vision. Mechanistic studies of retinal degeneration are challenging because of retinal heterogeneity. Moreover, the detection of early cone responses to rod death is especially difficult due to the paucity of cones in the retina. To resolve heterogeneity in the degenerating retina and investigate events in both types of photoreceptors during primary rod degeneration, we utilized droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing in an RP mouse model, rd10.
2022-04-13 | GSE183206 | GEO
Project description:Both rod and cone photoreceptors are critical for mammalian vision yet they have important functional differences. In this study, we investigate patterns of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in mouse rods and cones. Unexpectedly, we find that a substantial fraction of hypo-methylated regions in the rod methylome are in inaccessible chromatin. These regions show marks of active regulatory regions earlier in neuronal development and could remain undermethylated in adult rods due to their highly compact chromatin. We further identify rod- and cone-enriched regions of accessible chromatin that correspond with cell type-specificity of nearby photoreceptor gene expression. We predict novel DNA signatures of rod and cone specificity and show that NR2E3 function is necessary for rods to gain their complete ensemble of epigenomic features. Taken together, our data capture the epigenomic landscapes of retinal rods and cones, including differences relevant to chromatin structure and photoreceptor biology.
2016-03-07 | GSE72550 | GEO
Project description:Tikidji-Hamburyan2018 - Rod phototransduction
under strong illumination
This model is described in the article:
Rods progressively escape
saturation to drive visual responses in daylight
conditions.
Tikidji-Hamburyan A, Reinhard K,
Storchi R, Dietter J, Seitter H, Davis KE, Idrees S, Mutter M,
Walmsley L, Bedford RA, Ueffing M, Ala-Laurila P, Brown TM, Lucas
RJ, Münch TA.
Nat Commun 2017 Nov; 8(1): 1813
Abstract:
Rod and cone photoreceptors support vision across large
light intensity ranges. Rods, active under dim illumination,
are thought to saturate at higher (photopic) irradiances. The
extent of rod saturation is not well defined; some studies
report rod activity well into the photopic range. Using
electrophysiological recordings from retina and dorsal lateral
geniculate nucleus of cone-deficient and visually intact mice,
we describe stimulus and physiological factors that influence
photopic rod-driven responses. We find that rod contrast
sensitivity is initially strongly reduced at high irradiances,
but progressively recovers to allow responses to moderate
contrast stimuli. Surprisingly, rods recover faster at higher
light levels. A model of rod phototransduction suggests that
phototransduction gain adjustments and bleaching adaptation
underlie rod recovery. Consistently, exogenous chromophore
reduces rod responses at bright background. Thus, bleaching
adaptation renders mouse rods responsive to modest contrast at
any irradiance. Paradoxically, raising irradiance across the
photopic range increases the robustness of rod responses.
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To cite BioModels Database, please use:
Chelliah V et al. BioModels: ten-year
anniversary. Nucl. Acids Res. 2015, 43(Database
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| MODEL1710030000 | BioModels
Project description:Cone photoreceptors are the primary initiator of visual transduction in the human retina. Dysfunction or death of rod photoreceptors precedes cone loss in many retinal and macular degenerative diseases, suggesting a rod-dependent trophic support for cone survival. Rod differentiation and homeostasis are dependent on the basic motif leucine zipper transcription factor NRL. The loss of Nrl in mice (Nrl-/-) results in a retina with predominantly S-opsin containing cones that exhibit molecular and functional characteristics of WT cones. Here we report that Nrl-/- retina undergoes a rapid but transient period of degeneration in early adulthood, with cone apoptosis, retinal detachment, alterations in retinal vessel structure, and activation and translocation of retinal microglia. However, cone degeneration stabilizes by four months of age, resulting in a thinned but intact outer nuclear layer with residual cones expressing S- and M-opsins and a preserved photopic ERG. At this stage, microglia translocate back to the inner retina and reacquire a quiescent morphology. Gene profiling analysis during the period of transient degeneration reveals misregulation of stress response and inflammation genes, implying their involvement in cone death. The Nrl-/- retina illustrates the long-term viability of cones in the absence of rods and may serve as a model for elucidating mechanisms of cone homeostasis and degeneration that would be relevant to understanding diseases of the cone-dominant human macula.
2011-11-15 | GSE33674 | GEO