C-MYC drives neuroblastoma tumorigenesis and retinoic acid resistance in zebrafish [RNA-Seq]
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio
PROVIDER: GSE99567 | GEO | 2019/06/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Neuroblastoma is an often intractable tumor that accounts for 15% of childhood cancer deaths. In addition to MYCN amplification in 20% of tumors, 11% express high levels of c-MYC (MYC) protein. To study this newly defined subgroup, we have created a novel transgenic zebrafish model in which overexpression of MYC in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system drives early-onset neuroblastoma.
2019-06-01 | GSE99566 | GEO
Project description:Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial malignancy in childhood and accounts for approximately 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Amplification of N-Myc in neuroblastoma is associated with aggressive disease and predicts for poor prognosis. Novel therapeutic approaches are therefore essential to improving patient outcomes in this setting. The histone deacetylases are known to interact with N-Myc and regulate numerous cellular processes, including differentiation in neuroblastoma. We therefore investigated the antitumor activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat in the setting of N-Myc amplified neuroblastoma using the TH-MYCN murine model. Continuous treatment of tumor bearing TH-MYCN transgenic mice with panobinostat for 9 weeks led to a significant improvement in survival as compared to mice treated with vehicle, or continuous treatment with panobinostat for a three week period. Panobinostat induced rapid tumor regression with no regrowth observed during the treatment period. Tumor response was associated with an initial apoptosis phenotype mediated via up-regulation of BMF and BIM. When treated was stopped at three weeks 100% of mice relapsed with aggressive neuroblastoma. Differentiation of neuroblastoma into benign ganglioneuroma, with a characteristic increase in S100 expression and reduction of N-Myc expression, was observed in mice treated for nine weeks, resulting in a sustained remission on 90% of mice treated. RNA-sequencing analysis of tumors from treated animals confirmed significant up-regulation of gene pathways associated with apoptosis and differentiation as early as 24 hours after treatment. Together our data demonstrate the potential of panobinostat as a therapeutic strategy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients. Eight homozygous TH-MYCN mice bearing neuroblastomas were treated with either 5mg/kg panobinostat (4 animals) or vehicle (4 animals) for 24hr (two doses) and tumours harvested 4hr post the second dose.
2015-07-15 | E-GEOD-69869 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Neuroblastoma is a common solid tumor that accounts for 15% of cancer deaths in children and amplification of the MYCN oncogene is the most common genomic alteration in aggressive tumors. Although MYCN is expressed as a tumor-specific oncoprotein in poor-outcome neuroblastoma, making it a therapeutic target of great potential importance, no drugs with significant activity against MYCN or MYC are available for clinical use. The aim of this study was to explore the sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo to the tri-substituted purine CDK inhibitors, CYC065, chemical analogues of seliciclib, (Cyclacel Ltd).
2020-08-01 | GSE89197 | GEO
Project description:Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial malignancy in childhood and accounts for approximately 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Amplification of N-Myc in neuroblastoma is associated with aggressive disease and predicts for poor prognosis. Novel therapeutic approaches are therefore essential to improving patient outcomes in this setting. The histone deacetylases are known to interact with N-Myc and regulate numerous cellular processes, including differentiation in neuroblastoma. We therefore investigated the antitumor activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat in the setting of N-Myc amplified neuroblastoma using the TH-MYCN murine model. Continuous treatment of tumor bearing TH-MYCN transgenic mice with panobinostat for 9 weeks led to a significant improvement in survival as compared to mice treated with vehicle, or continuous treatment with panobinostat for a three week period. Panobinostat induced rapid tumor regression with no regrowth observed during the treatment period. Tumor response was associated with an initial apoptosis phenotype mediated via up-regulation of BMF and BIM. When treated was stopped at three weeks 100% of mice relapsed with aggressive neuroblastoma. Differentiation of neuroblastoma into benign ganglioneuroma, with a characteristic increase in S100 expression and reduction of N-Myc expression, was observed in mice treated for nine weeks, resulting in a sustained remission on 90% of mice treated. RNA-sequencing analysis of tumors from treated animals confirmed significant up-regulation of gene pathways associated with apoptosis and differentiation as early as 24 hours after treatment. Together our data demonstrate the potential of panobinostat as a therapeutic strategy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients.
2015-07-15 | GSE69869 | GEO
Project description:Neuroblastoma is the third most common pediatric cancer and is responsible for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer deaths (Maris & Matthay, 1999). In our analysis, we found that poor patient survival with increasing mRNA expression level of AURKA and AURKB in Mycn-amplified neuroblastoma. In the light of this evidence, we were able to find possibilities of existing inhibitors for therapy. According to the following experiments, we found that tozasertib, a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor, has high therapeutic potential in neuroblastoma treatment. First, we performed in vitro experiments to reveal that tozasertib suppressed cell proliferation in multiple Mycn-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. Next, we evaluated ex vivo not only in Mycn-amplified neuroblastoma xenograft mouse model but also TH-Mycn transgenic mouse model. The results showed that tozasertib significantly inhibited the tumor growth and prolonged the survival probability in both animal models. Finally, we explored the mechanism of tozasertib-treated tissues in two animal models by iTRAQ proteomic.
2019-09-30 | PXD007640 | Pride
Project description:High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is notoriously difficult to treat and is responsible for a disproportionate number of childhood deaths due to cancer. One long accepted indicator of high-risk NB and poor prognosis is amplification of the neural MYC (MYCN) oncogene, which is currently therapeutically intractable in this patient population. The identification of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) as an oncogene in NB raised the possibility of using ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of NB patients who harbor activating ALK mutations. The number of ALK-positive NB patients on primary diagnosis is in the range of 8-10%, a figure that increases substantially in the relapsed patient population. ALK signaling is activated by the ALKAL2 ligand located on the distal portion of chromosome 2, along with the ALK receptor and MYCN loci, in the ‘2p gain’ region that has been associated with NB. The question of whether dysregulation of ALK ligand may also play a role in NB has not been addressed, although notably, one of the first oncogenes described was the v-sis oncogene that shares more than 90% homology with the PDGF ligand. Therefore, we tested whether ALKAL ligand was able to potentiate NB progression in the absence of ALK mutation. We show here that overexpression of ALKAL2 is sufficient to drive rapid onset and penetrant Th-MYCN driven NB in the absence of ALK mutation, and that these tumours are sensitive to ALK TKI therapy. These results suggest that additional NB patients, such as those exhibiting 2p gain, may also benefit from ALK TKI based therapeutic intervention.
2020-11-25 | PXD021792 | Pride
Project description:Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. MYCN (V-myc myelocytomatosis viral-related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived [avian]) is amplified in 20% of neuroblastomas, and these tumors carry a poor prognosis. However, tumors without MYCN amplification also may have a poor outcome. Here, we identified downstream targets of MYCN by shRNA-mediated silencing MYCN in neuroblastoma cells. From these targets, 157 genes showed an expression profile correlating with MYCN mRNA levels in NB88, a series of 88 neuroblastoma tumors, and therefore represent in vivo relevant MYCN pathway genes. This 157-gene signature identified very poor prognosis tumors in NB88 and independent neuroblastoma cohorts and was more powerful than MYCN amplification or MYCN expression alone. Remarkably, this signature also identified poor outcome of a group of tumors without MYCN amplification. Most of these tumors have low MYCN mRNA levels but high nuclear MYCN protein levels, suggesting stabilization of MYCN at the protein level. One tumor has an MYC amplification and high MYC expression. Chip-on-chip analyses showed that most genes in this signature are directly regulated by MYCN. MYCN induces genes functioning in cell cycle and DNA repair while repressing neuronal differentiation genes. The functional MYCN-157 signature recognizes classical neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification, as well as a newly identified group marked by MYCN protein stabilization.
2012-11-05 | GSE39218 | GEO
Project description:Epigenetic alterations appear to modulate Myc signaling. We investigated the role of the histone demethylase JMJD2B in Myc-mediated neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We demonstrate that Myc physically interacts with and recruits this epigenetic modifier, which removes repressive H3K9 methyl marks from Myc-target genes. JMJD2B regulates neuroblastoma proliferation and, together with MYCN amplification, identifies a subgroup of poor prognosis patients. We identify a novel histone demethylase inhibitor, ciclopirox, which targets JMJD2B and, consequently, Myc signaling, thereby inhibiting neuroblastoma proliferation and inducing differentiation. In xenograft studies, genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of JMJD2B resulted in significant tumor growth restriction. Our findings provide insight into epigenetic regulation of Myc via histone methylation and proof-of-concept for pharmacologic inhibition of histone demethylases to target Myc signaling in cancer. 8 samples were transfected with two different siRNAs for control, JMJD2B, MYCN and JARID1A.
2014-01-01 | E-GEOD-45967 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Simple Summary: Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 15% of all cancer related deaths of children. While amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of NB, expression of the neurotrophin receptor, NTRK1/TrkA, has been shown to associate with an excellent outcome. MYCN down-regulates NTRK1 expression, but it is unknown if the molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling also affect MYCN-induced networks. The aim of this study was to decipher NTRK1 signaling using an unbiased proteome and phosphoproteome approach. To this end, we realized inducible ectopic NTRK1-expression in a NB cell line with MYCN amplification and analyzed the proteomic changes upon NTRK1-activation in a time-dependent manner. In line with phenotypes observed, NTRK1-activation induced markers of neuronal differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Most prominently, NTRK1 upregulated expression and phosphorylation of the nuclear lamina component Lamin A/C. Moreover, NTRK1 signaling also induced aggregation of LMNA within nucleic foci, which accompanies differentiation in other cell types. Abstract: Background: Neuroblastomas (NB) are the most common extracranial solid tumors of childhood. Amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of NB aggressiveness, while high expression of the neurotrophin receptor NTRK1/TrkA is associated with mild disease courses. The molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling in MYCN-amplified NB, however, are still poorly understood and require elucidation. Methods: Inducible NTRK1-expression was realized in four NB cell lines with (IMR5, NGP) or without MYCN amplification (SKNAS, SH-SY5Y). Proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics upon NTRK1-activation by its ligand, NGF, were analyzed in a time-dependent manner in IMR5 cells. Target validation by immunofluorescence staining and automated image processing was performed using the three other NB cell lines. Results: In total, 230 proteins and 134 single phosphorylated class I phosphosites were found to be significantly regulated upon NTRK1 activation. Among known NTRK1-targets, Stathmin and the neurosecretory protein VGF were recovered. Additionally, we observed upregulation and phosphorylation of Lamin A/C (LMNA) that accumulated inside nuclear foci. Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive picture of NTRK1-induced proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics. Phosphorylation of LMNA within nucleic aggregates was identified as a prominent feature of NTRK1 signaling independent of the MYCN status of NB cells.
2021-11-11 | PXD026876 | Pride
Project description:Simple Summary: Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 15% of all cancer related deaths of children. While amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of NB, expression of the neurotrophin receptor, NTRK1/TrkA, has been shown to associate with an excellent outcome. MYCN down-regulates NTRK1 expression, but it is unknown if the molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling also affect MYCN-induced networks. The aim of this study was to decipher NTRK1 signaling using an unbiased proteome and phosphoproteome approach. To this end, we realized inducible ectopic NTRK1-expression in a NB cell line with MYCN amplification and analyzed the proteomic changes upon NTRK1-activation in a time-dependent manner. In line with phenotypes observed, NTRK1-activation induced markers of neuronal differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Most prominently, NTRK1 upregulated expression and phosphorylation of the nuclear lamina component Lamin A/C. Moreover, NTRK1 signaling also induced aggregation of LMNA within nucleic foci, which accompanies differentiation in other cell types. Abstract: Background: Neuroblastomas (NB) are the most common extracranial solid tumors of childhood. Amplification of the Myc-N proto-oncogene (MYCN) is a major driver of NB aggressiveness, while high expression of the neurotrophin receptor NTRK1/TrkA is associated with mild disease courses. The molecular effects of NTRK1 signaling in MYCN-amplified NB, however, are still poorly understood and require elucidation. Methods: Inducible NTRK1-expression was realized in four NB cell lines with (IMR5, NGP) or without MYCN amplification (SKNAS, SH-SY5Y). Proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics upon NTRK1-activation by its ligand, NGF, were analyzed in a time-dependent manner in IMR5 cells. Target validation by immunofluorescence staining and automated image processing was performed using the three other NB cell lines. Results: In total, 230 proteins and 134 single phosphorylated class I phosphosites were found to be significantly regulated upon NTRK1 activation. Among known NTRK1-targets, Stathmin and the neurosecretory protein VGF were recovered. Additionally, we observed upregulation and phosphorylation of Lamin A/C (LMNA) that accumulated inside nuclear foci. Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive picture of NTRK1-induced proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics. Phosphorylation of LMNA within nucleic aggregates was identified as a prominent feature of NTRK1 signaling independent of the MYCN status of NB cells.
2021-11-11 | PXD026913 | Pride