GNPS - Microbiome modulating activity of bile acids
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): TripleTOF 5600
ORGANISM(S): Isolated Bacteria
SUBMITTER: 
ANDREW DAVID Patterson
PROVIDER: MSV000090024 | GNPS | Fri Jul 29 20:00:00 BST 2022
REPOSITORIES: GNPS
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Project description:The gut microbiome can impact brain health and is altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The vermiform appendix is a lymphoid tissue implicated in the storage and regulation of the gut microbiome. Here, we investigate changes in the functional microbiome in the appendix of PD patients relative to controls by metatranscriptomic analysis. In the PD appendix, we find microbial dysbiosis affecting lipid metabolism, particularly an upregulation of bacteria responsible for secondary bile acid synthesis. Likewise, proteomic and transcript analysis in the PD gut corroborates a disruption in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid catabolism. Bile acid analysis in the PD appendix reveals an increase in the microbially-derived, toxic secondary bile acids deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). Synucleinopathy in mice induces similar microbiome alterations to those of PD patients and heightens microbial changes to gut inflammation. As observed in PD, the mouse model of synucleinopathy has elevated DCA and LCA. Raised levels of DCA and LCA can lead to liver injury, and an analysis of blood markers of liver dysfunction shows evidence of biliary abnormalities in PD patients, including elevated alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Increased bilirubin levels are also evident before PD diagnosis, in individuals at-risk of developing PD. In sum, microbially-derived toxic bile acids are heightened in PD and biliary changes may even precede the onset of overt motor symptoms.
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Project description:The gut microbiome can impact brain health and is altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. The vermiform appendix is a lymphoid tissue implicated in the storage and regulation of the gut microbiome. Here, we investigate changes in the functional microbiome in the appendix of PD patients relative to controls by metatranscriptomic analysis. In the PD appendix, we find microbial dysbiosis affecting lipid metabolism, particularly an upregulation of bacteria responsible for secondary bile acid synthesis. Likewise, proteomic and transcript analysis in the PD gut corroborates a disruption in cholesterol homeostasis and lipid catabolism. Bile acid analysis in the PD appendix reveals an increase in the microbially-derived, toxic secondary bile acids deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). Synucleinopathy in mice induces similar microbiome alterations to those of PD patients and heightens microbial changes to gut inflammation. As observed in PD, the mouse model of synucleinopathy has elevated DCA and LCA. Raised levels of DCA and LCA can lead to liver injury, and an analysis of blood markers of liver dysfunction shows evidence of biliary abnormalities in PD patients, including elevated alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Increased bilirubin levels are also evident before PD diagnosis, in individuals at-risk of developing PD. In sum, microbially-derived toxic bile acids are heightened in PD and biliary changes may even precede the onset of overt motor symptoms.
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Project description:Metabolic products of the microbiota can alter hematopoiesis. However, the contribution and site of action of bile acids is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA), and lithocholic acid (LCA) increase bone marrow myelopoiesis. Treatment of bone marrow cells with DCA and LCA preferentially expanded immunophenotypic and functional (CFU-GM) granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs). DCA treatment of sorted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) increased CFU-GMs, indicating that direct exposure of HSPCs to DCA sufficed to expand GMPs. We determined that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was required for the DCA-induced increase in CFU-GMs and GMPs. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that DCA significantly upregulated genes associated with myeloid differentiation and proliferation in GMPs. The action of DCA on HSPCs to expand GMPs in a VDR-dependent manner suggests a mechanism for how microbiome-host interactions may directly impact bone marrow hematopoiesis and the severity of infectious and inflammatory disease.
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Project description:In this study, we aimed at the characterization of C. difficile’s stress response to the main four human bile acids. Although, a phenotypically description of growth differences upon challenge with different bile acids has been described (Lewis 2016, Thanissery 2017), there is no information on the adaptation of gene expression available. We employed a comprehensive proteomics approach to record stress signatures of the unconjugated bile acids CA, CDCA, DCA and LCA in shock experiments as well as during long-term-stress conditions and could depict a general stress response concerning all four bile acids, but also specific responses to only a single or a few of the different bile acids. Our results are a starting point for the understanding of how the individual bile acids cocktail of a patient can decide on the outcome of a C. difficile infection.
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Project description:In this study, we aimed at the characterization of C. difficile’s stress response to the main four human bile acids. Although, a phenotypically description of growth differences upon challenge with different bile acids has been described (Lewis 2016, Thanissery 2017), there is no information on the adaptation of gene expression available. We employed a comprehensive proteomics approach to record stress signatures of the unconjugated bile acids CA, CDCA, DCA and LCA during long-term-stress conditions and could depict a general stress response concerning all four bile acids, but also specific responses to only a single or a few of the different bile acids. Our results are a starting point for the understanding of how the individual bile acids cocktail of a patient can decide on the outcome of a C. difficile infection
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Project description:In order to successfully survive in and to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria need to develop strategies to overcome bile acid stress. The most prominent bile acids are the primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as well as the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA). In this study, we investigated the stress response of E. faecalis and E. faecium to sublethal concentrations of these three bile acids on the proteome level using DIA-MS. As both species showed similar IC50 for DCA and CDCA in growth experiments and both were highly resistant towards CA, we assumed similar changes to their protein expression profiles. Moreover, we investigated proteomic differences of E. faecalis grown under aerobic or microaerophilic conditions. Our findings showed similarities, but also species-specific variations in the response to the different bile acids, which reveal potential differences in the adaptation process. DCA and CDCA had a strong effect on down-expression of proteins involved in translation, transcription and replication in E. faecalis, but to a lesser extent in E. faecium. Proteins commonly significantly altered in their expression in all bile acid treated samples were identified for both species and represent a “general bile acid response”. Among these, ABC-transporters, multi-drug transporters and proteins related to cell wall biogenesis were up-expressed in both species and thus seem to play an essential role in bile acid resistance. Specific for all E. faecalis samples was the up-expression of several subunits of a V-type ATPase and the down-expression of proteins involved in pyruvate-, citrate- and folate metabolism. Most of the differentially expressed proteins were also identified when E. faecalis was incubated with low levels of DCA at microaerophilic conditions in comparison to aerobic conditions, indicating that adaptations to bile acids and to a microaerophilic atmosphere can occur simultaneously.
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