ABSTRACT: This compound belongs to a subclass of flavonoids, sandalwood quinone, which is a new flavonoid, and the mining of flavonoids is a new direction
Project description:This compound belongs to a subclass of flavonoids, sandalwood quinone, which is a new flavonoid, and the mining of flavonoids is a new direction
Project description:Flavonoid is an important secondary metabolite, which makes an important contribution to plant resistance to abiotic stress and human health. Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) itself contains more flavonoids, so exploring the regulation of Tartary buckwheat flavonoid synthesis can provide a solid theoretical basis for the cultivation of new Tartary buckwheat varieties with high nutrition. In this paper, we studied the role of FtMYBs in regulating the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Tartary buckwheat.
Project description:Chayote (Sechium edule) fruits are rich in flavonoids, folate, and low-calorie food. However, studies about the flavonoids and regulatory mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in chayote fruits was still unclear. In present study, a transcriptome analysis and metabolite profiling of chayote fruits at three different storage stages were conducted to explore the flavonoid compositions and gene expression associated with flavonoid synthesis. Through the UPLC-MS/MS analysis, a total of 57 flavonoid compounds were detected. Of these, 42 flavonoid glycosides were significantly differential accumulation in chayote fruits at three different storage stages. Many genes associated with flavonoid synthesis were differentially expressed in chayote fruits at three different storage stages through RNA-seq analysis, including structural genes and some TFs. There was a high correlation between RNA-seq analysis and metabolite profiling, and the expression level of candidate genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway were consistent with the dynamic changes of flavonoids. In addition, one R2R3-MYB transcription factor, FSG0057100, was defined as the critical regulatory gene of flavonoid synthesis. Furthermore, we treated chayote fruits during storage with phenylalanine, and the results show exogenous phenylalanine applications might promote the flavonoid synthesis. Phenylalanine is a effective additive to maintain or improve the total content flavonoids in chayote fruit during storage, can apply the phenylalanine in the postharvest storage of chayote. The above results not only make us better understand the molecular mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in chayote fruits, but also contribute to the promotion and application of chayote products.
Project description:Cellular senescence leads to stable cell cycle arrest and an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that varies with stressor and cell type. To mitigate these effects and improve health, senotherapeutics (e.g., senolytics and senomorphics) have been developed. Senescent-like endometrial stromal cells (eSCs) lining the uterus of patients with endometriosis and infertility are proposed to impair decidualization, a differentiation process required for uterine receptivity in humans. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid senolytic, dramatically improves decidualization and reduces endometriosis in rodent models. However, little is known about the comparative effects of various senotherapeutics on eSCs. Using menstrual effluent-derived eSCs, we evaluated the effects of flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds on eSC functions associated with endometriosis, aiming to identify optimal senotherapeutics for future clinical trials. Among flavonoids tested, all senolytics (quercetin, fisetin, and luteolin) and kaempferol, a senomorphic, significantly improved decidualization without cytotoxicity. Although non-flavonoids exhibited notable cytotoxicity, dasatinib, but neither ABT-737 nor navitoclax, enhanced decidualization. Flavonoid senotherapeutics and dasatinib significantly inhibited eSC migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that all flavonoids and dasatinib suppressed AKT phosphorylation and upregulated p53 expression. Notably, only quercetin and fisetin reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, flavonoid-senolytics and dasatinib consistently eliminated senescent eSCs. These findings support future studies to assess the therapeutic potential of in vivo supplementation with flavonoid senolytics on eSC function using menstrual effluent.
Project description:Introduction Colored rice is recognized for nutritious function due to its flavonoid compounds. Flavonoid aglycones are conjugated with various sugar moieties. Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient for plants; however, the regulatory mechanisms by which Fe influences flavonoid accumulation dynamics and sugar metabolism remain unclear. Methods FeSO4 was foliar-applied to black rice cultivar Nanheinuo and red rice cultivar Yuhongdao 5815 to study regulatory mechanisms by which Fe influences flavonoid accumulation dynamics and sugar metabolism Results and discussion The content of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and total flavonoids in the grains decreased throughout the later filling stages. Fe application delayed their degradation during this phase. The differential expression of numerous genes associated with flavonoid transformation may be the primary reason. Genes annotated as key enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly upregulated in Nanheinuo. Additionally, foliar Fe application significantly impacted sugar and sugar alcohol content by regulating the expression of genes involved in polysaccharide decomposition, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation processes, and sugar interconversion. A close relationship was observed between sugar content and flavonoid-related compound content in the grains of colored rice. Multiple hub genes annotated as glycoside hydrolases in KEGG occupied central nodes within the co-expression network, suggesting that glycoside hydrolases may mediate the crosstalk between sugar and flavonoid metabolism in colored rice grains under Fe treatment, although glycosyltransferases primarily function in flavonoid glycosylation. Foliar Fe application delays flavonoid degradation during the later filling stage and regulates sugar metabolism in colored rice, thereby influencing flavonoid enrichment and eating quality.
Project description:Flavonoids are stress-inducible metabolites important for plant-microbe interactions. In contrast to their well-known function in initiating rhizobia nodulation in legumes, it is unclear whether and how flavonoids may contribute to plant stress resistance through affecting non-nodulating bacteria in the root microbiome. Here we show how flavonoids preferentially attracts Aeromonadaceae in Arabidopsis thaliana root microbiome and how flavonoid-dependent recruitment of an Aeromona spp. results in enhanced plant Na_H1 resistance.
Project description:Flavonoids are stress-inducible metabolites important for plant-microbe interactions. In contrast to their well-known function in initiating rhizobia nodulation in legumes, it is unclear whether and how flavonoids may contribute to plant stress resistance through affecting non-nodulating bacteria in the root microbiome. Here we show how flavonoids preferentially attracts Aeromonadaceae in Arabidopsis thaliana root microbiome and how flavonoid-dependent recruitment of an Aeromona spp. results in enhanced plant drought resistance.
Project description:Floral bicolor pigmentation is caused by naturally occurring RNA interference (RNAi) in some cultivars of petunia and dahlia. In both plants, the chalcone synthase gene is highly expressed only in the pigmented region of bicolor petals. However, it remains unknown why RNAi is induced only in the unpigmented region. To elucidate the mechanism of this bicolor pattern formation, we examined the dicing activity of Dicer-like 4 (DCL4), which produces small interfering RNAs essential for RNAi. We showed that the crude extract in the pigmented region inhibits DCL4 activity, but not when flavonoids were depleted from the extract. Moreover, we showed the inhibitory activity was associated with flavonoid aglycons. The in vivo dicing activities were detected in the intact protoplasts prepared from the unpigmented region but not from the pigmented region. These results suggest that in the unpigmented region, flavonoids that inhibit DCL4 are not synthesized, and RNAi is maintained, whereas in the pigmented region, DCL4 (RNAi) is inhibited by flavonoids and anthocyanin biosynthesis is maintained. The results of small RNA-seq analyses of bicolor petals and exogenous flavonoid application experiments support this conclusion. Therefore, a clear bicolor pattern is generated by the bidirectional feedforward mechanism of antagonizing DCL4 and flavonoids.
Project description:Flavonoids are biological compounds with high potency to modulate molecular processes. The study was designed to estimate genistein, kaempferoland their mixture impact on global gene expression, with special focus on key processes in MPS pathogenesis. We used microarrays to detail the global program of gene expression underlying flavonoid treatment and identified distinct classes of regulated genes during this process.
Project description:The molecular mechanisms by which dietary fruits and vegetables confer cardiometabolic benefits remain poorly understood. Historically, these beneficial properties have been attributed to the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Here, we reveal that the host metabolic benefits associated with flavonoid consumption actually hinge on gut microbial metabolism. However, flavonoids are consumed in a largely glycosylated form, rendering them poorly available for small intestinal absorption and subjecting them to microbial metabolism in the colon. We show that a single gut microbial flavonoid catabolite is sufficient to reduce diet-induced cardiometabolic disease burden in mice. Dietary supplementation with elderberry extract attenuated obesity and continuous delivery of the catabolite 4-hydroxphenylacetic acid was sufficient to reverse hepatic steatosis. Analysis of human gut metagenomes revealed that under one percent contains a flavonol catabolic pathway, underscoring the rarity of this process. Our study will impact the design of dietary and probiotic interventions to complement traditional cardiometabolic treatment strategies.