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Quantitative reactive cysteinome profiling reveals a functional link between ferroptosis and proteasome-mediated degradation.

ABSTRACT: Ferroptosis is a unique type of cell death that is hallmarked with the imbalanced redox homeostasis as triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Cysteines often play critical roles in proteins to help maintain a healthy cellular environment by dynamically switching between their reduced and oxidized forms, however, how the global redox landscape of cysteinome is perturbed upon ferroptosis remains unknown to date. By using a quantitative chemical proteomic strategy, we systematically profiled the dynamic changes of cysteinome in ferroptotic cells and identified a list of candidate sites whose redox states are precisely regulated under ferroptosis-inducing and rescuing conditions. In particular, C106 of the protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 acts as an intriguing sensor switch for the ferroptotic condition, whose oxidation results in the disruption of its interaction with the 20S proteasome and leads to a marked activation in the proteasome system. Our chemoproteomic profiling and associated functional studies reveal a novel functional link between ferroptosis and the proteasome-mediated protein degradation and suggest proteasome as a promising target for developing treatment strategies for ferroptosis-related diseases.

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens

SUBMITTER: Chu Wang

PROVIDER: PXD029874 | iProX | Tue Nov 23 00:00:00 GMT 2021

REPOSITORIES: iProX

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Quantitative reactive cysteinome profiling reveals a functional link between ferroptosis and proteasome-mediated degradation.

Wang Yankun Y Wang Chu C

Cell death and differentiation 20220816 1

Ferroptosis is a unique type of cell death that is hallmarked with the imbalanced redox homeostasis as triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Cysteines often play critical roles in proteins to help maintain a healthy cellular environment by dynamically switching between their reduced and oxidized forms, however, how the global redox landscape of cysteinome is perturbed upon ferroptosis remains unknown to date. By using a quantitative chemical proteomic strategy, we systematically profil ...[more]

PMID: 35974250

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Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD), currently affecting millions of people worldwide, is the most prevalent form of dementia. Treatment strategies aiming to interfere with the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the two major AD hallmarks, have shown modest or no effect. Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, contributes to AD pathogenesis. Here we evaluate if Aβ is associated with ferroptosis pathways and whether ferroptosis inhibition could attenuate Aβ-related effects. The existing link between ferroptosis and AD has been largely based on cell culture and animal studies, while evidence from human brain tissue is limited. Performing positive pixel density scoring on immunohistochemically stained post mortem BA17 sections revealed that the progression of AD pathology was accompanied by decreased expression of nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the grey matter (GM). The expression of ferroportin, NCOA4, GPX4, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) and cytochrome C was significantly lower, while the expression of ferritin was higher in the Aβ plaque area compared to the immediate vicinity of the non-Aβ tissue in AD brain tissue. Taken together, these findings indicate a relationship between Aβ-related processes and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. Additionally, ferroptosis inhibition prevented Aβ pathology, decreased lipid peroxidation and restored iron storage in human AD iPSCs-derived brain cortical organoids (cBOs). Differential expression analysis of AD organoids compared to isogenic controls indicate activation of the ferroptotic pathway. This further supports the previously suggested link between Aβ-related pathology and ferroptosis. Determining the causality between development of Aβ plaques and deregulation of molecular pathways involved in ferroptosis is crucial for developing potential therapeutic interventions.

Project description:Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. While ferroptosis has been identified as a mechanism for suppressing cancer, its overall physiological significance remains poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that labile iron and lipid peroxides are released from ferroptotic cells, leading to the propagation of ferroptosis through lipid peroxidation. However, other specific effects of secreted factors derived from ferroptotic cells remain unclear. We constructed a model cell system capable of inducing ferroptosis by re-expressing the transcription factor BACH1, a potent inducer of ferroptosis, in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs). We investigated the impact of the secreted factors from ferroptotic cells with the iMEFs. As a result, we observed that the administration of supernatant media from ferroptotic iMEFs activated proliferation of hepatoma cells and suppressed cellular senescence-like features. This suggested that ferroptotic MEFs secrete anti-senescent substances. Transcriptome analysis of ferroptotic MEFs revealed an increase in the secretion of longevity factor FGF21 in a BACH1-dependent manner. Furthermore, the anti-senescent effects of the supernatant media from these ferroptotic cells were canceled by the knockout of Fgf21. Totally, it is suggested that BACH1 promotes ferroptosis in fibroblasts and contributes to the suppression of cellular senescence in neighboring cells by inducing FGF21 secretion from fibroblasts. It was also discovered that BACH1 not only activates indirectly the transcription of FGF21 by enhancing ferroptotic stress but also increases FGF21 protein level by suppressing the selective autophagic degradation of FGF21 through the transcriptional repression for Sqstm1 and Lamp2a. This represents a dual mechanism of FGF21 upregulation mediated by BACH1, suggesting that BACH1 is a potent inducer of FGF21 expression. It was also found that the BACH1-ferroptosis-FGF21 axis can suppress obesity of mice under high fat diet or short lifespan of progeria mice, closely associated phenotypes with aging. The inhibition of these aging-related phenotypes is considered to be a novel physiological significance of ferroptosis, and BACH1 is considered to function as a longevity gene by promoting ferroptotsis and subsequent FGF21 expression.

Dataset Information

Quantitative reactive cysteinome profiling reveals a functional link between ferroptosis and proteasome-mediated degradation.

Publications

Quantitative reactive cysteinome profiling reveals a functional link between ferroptosis and proteasome-mediated degradation.

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