A Comprehensive Proteomics Analysis Reveals Dynamic Phenotypes of Tumor-associated Macrophages and Their Precursor Cells in Tumor Progression
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus
SUBMITTER: 
Jian Wang
PROVIDER: PXD046492 | iProX | Mon Oct 30 00:00:00 GMT 2023
REPOSITORIES: iProX
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Project description:Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote malignant progression. In breast cancer, TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, matrix remodeling, and immune suppression against the tumor. In this study, we examined late-stage mammary tumors from a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. We used flow cytometry under conditions that minimized gene expression changes to isolate a rigorously defined TAM population previously shown to be associated with invasive carcinoma cells. The gene expression signature of this population was compared with a similar population derived from spleens of non-tumor-bearing mice using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Using stringent selection criteria, transcript abundance of 460 genes was shown to be differentially regulated between the two populations. Bioinformatic analyses of known functions of these genes indicated that formerly ascribed TAM functions, including suppression of immune activation and matrix remodeling, as well as multiple mediators of tumor angiogenesis, were elevated in TAMs. Further bioinformatic analyses confirmed that a pure and valid TAM gene expression signature in mouse tumors could be used to assess expression of TAMs in human breast cancer. The data derived from these more physiologically relevant autochthonous tumors compared with previous studies in tumor xenografts suggest tactics by which TAMs may regulate tumor angiogenesis and thus provide a basis for exploring other transcriptional mediators of TAM trophic functions within the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages from late-stage mouse mammary tumors compared to splenic macrophages from non-tumor-bearing littermate controls. 4 biological replicates of each population were compared via gene expression arrays.
2010-06-21 | E-GEOD-18404 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Long recognized as an evolutionarily ancient cell type involved in tissue homeostasis and immune defense against pathogens, macrophages are being rediscovered as regulators of several diseases including cancer. Here we show that in mice, mammary tumor growth induces the accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are phenotypically and functionally distinct from mammary tissue macrophages (MTMs). TAMs express the adhesion molecule Vcam1 and proliferate upon their differentiation from inflammatory monocytes, but do not exhibit an “alternatively activated” phenotype. TAM differentiation depends on the transcriptional regulator of Notch signaling, RBPJ; and TAM, but not MTM, depletion restores tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cell responses and suppresses tumor growth. These findings reveal the ontogeny of TAMs and a discrete tumor-elicited inflammatory response, which may provide new opportunities for cancer immunotherapy. MMTV-PyMT mice (Jackson Laboratory) were backcrossed to the C57BL/6 background for 10 generations. Rbpjfl/fl mice were provided by Tasuku Honjo and crossed to CD11ccre mice provided by Boris Reizis. Littermate controls were used in all experiments when possible. All mice were maintained in a specific pathogen-free facility and animal experimentation was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines. In the MMTV-PyMT spontaneous mammary tumor model, we found the key Notch transcriptional regulator, RBPJ, to be required for TAM terminal differentiation from inflammatory monocytes. The bulk myeloid cell population that remains in CD11cCreRbpj fl/fl mice (the cells in "Rbpj KO" samples), represents monocytes that have begun their differentiation into macrophages, but are unable to terminally differentiate due to the lack of Rbpj.
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Project description:Despite the importance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in modulating anti-tumor immunity, the molecular determinants of their functional phenotypes remain elusive. Through a large-scale CRISPR screen, we discovered that tumor-derived lactic acid, PGE2, and GM-CSF collaboratively shape the highly conserved but mutually exclusive TAM phenotypes: MHC-II+ and angiogenic TAMs. Mechanistically, the dichotomous nature of these two phenotypes is driven by the antagonistic interactions between lactic acid/PGE2 and GM-CSF. Lactic acid and PGE2 coordinately induce the angiogenic gene program while suppressing the GM-CSF-induced MHC-II program at chromatin level. This mechanism leads to distinct spatial distribution of TAMs, with angiogenic TAMs in lactate-rich hypoxic regions and MHC-II+ TAMs outside these areas. Furthermore, in vivo genetic perturbation of TAMs showed that shifting TAMs to an interferon responsive program, triggered by Adar inactivation, substantially potentiates anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest a conserved mechanism of TAM polarization and a potential approach for reprogramming TAMs in immunotherapy.
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Project description:Despite the importance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in modulating anti-tumor immunity, the molecular determinants of their functional phenotypes remain elusive. Through a large-scale CRISPR screen, we discovered that tumor-derived lactic acid, PGE2, and GM-CSF collaboratively shape the highly conserved but mutually exclusive TAM phenotypes: MHC-II+ and angiogenic TAMs. Mechanistically, the dichotomous nature of these two phenotypes is driven by the antagonistic interactions between lactic acid/PGE2 and GM-CSF. Lactic acid and PGE2 coordinately induce the angiogenic gene program while suppressing the GM-CSF-induced MHC-II program at chromatin level. This mechanism leads to distinct spatial distribution of TAMs, with angiogenic TAMs in lactate-rich hypoxic regions and MHC-II+ TAMs outside these areas. Furthermore, in vivo genetic perturbation of TAMs showed that shifting TAMs to an interferon responsive program, triggered by Adar inactivation, substantially potentiates anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest a conserved mechanism of TAM polarization and a potential approach for reprogramming TAMs in immunotherapy.
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Project description:Macrophages have been implicated in breast cancer progression and metastasis, but relatively little is known about the genes and pathways that are involved. Using a conditional allele of Ets2 in the mouse, we have identified Ets2 as a critical gene in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) that specifically promotes mammary tumor metastasis. Loss of Ets2 in TAMs decreased the frequency and size of lung metastases without impacting primary tumor burden. Expression profiling of isolated tumor macrophages established that Ets2 deficiency resulted in the de-repression of a defined set of anti-angiogenic genes. Activation of this transcriptional program correlated with decreased angiogenesis in metastatic tumors and decreased metastatic growth. Comparison of this Ets2-specific TAM expression profile with human breast cancer profiles revealed a macrophage gene expression signature that could predict overall survival of estrogen receptor negative patients. In summary, we have identified a critical factor, Ets2, in TAMs that represses a transcriptional program to promote the growth of mammary tumor metastases in the lung. Breast TAMs were isolated from early-stage PyMT-induced mammary tumors expressing Ets2 and also from the tumors with Ets2-deficient TAMs. Since macrophages have also been implicated in normal mammary gland remodeling, normal remeodeling macrophages were also purified from females expressing Ets2 and the ones where Ets2 is deleted in the macrophages. One RNA sample was extracted from each genetic group for gene-expression profiling.
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