Dataset Information

Proteomics reveals that immunoglobulin abnormalities and immune dysregulation in patients with post–COVID-19 condition

ABSTRACT: Vitamin D (VD) has a coordinated immune function. Decreased VD levels are closely related to the occurrence of post-COVID-19 Conditions (PCC), but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Methods: We collected 50 PCC patient serum samples and divided them into three groups by different VD levels: VD sufficient group (VD ≥ 30 ng/mL), VD insufficient group (20 ng/mL ≤ VD < 30 ng/mL), VD deficiency group (VD < 20 ng/mL) and then subjected to proteomic analysis. Results: We identified 15 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) between the VD sufficient and VD insufficient groups, among which 11 DAPs were up-regulated and 4 DAPs were down-regulated in the VD insufficient group, including 5 immunoglobulin proteins (JCHAJN, IGHV4-28, GHV4-34, IGHM, and IGLV2-11), a complement component C7, and CD5L. Except for C7, the remaining 6 DAPs were significantly negatively correlated with VD levels in PCC patients. These DAPs were primarily enriched in immune-related pathways such as TNF signaling pathway and B cell receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, compared with the VD insufficient group, VD deficiency resulted in an abnormal abundance of 12 proteins, of which 4 proteins were up-regulated and 8 proteins were down-regulated, such as VD deficiency leads to a declined abundance of IGLV1-47 negatively correlated with serum VD levels. These 12 DAPs were also broadly involved in immune-related pathways. Furthermore, we found that ALB was in the center of the PPI network map of all DAPs and was negatively correlated with serum VD levels. Conclusion: VD insufficient/deficient leads to abnormalities in immunoglobulin heavy, light, and J chains, resulting in immune system dysfunction leading to PCC syndrome. VD supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate the symptoms of PCC.

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens

SUBMITTER: Xiaomin Xie

PROVIDER: PXD059686 | iProX | Thu Nov 27 00:00:00 GMT 2025

REPOSITORIES: iProX

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Proteomics Reveals That Vitamin D Deficiency Leads to Immunoglobulin Abnormalities and Immune Dysregulation in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition.

Ji Wenrui W Xie Xiaomin X Bai Guirong G Fan Yalei Y He Yanting Y Zhang Li L Zhou Haiyan H Li Ling L Li Huan H

Journal of proteome research 20250220 3

Vitamin D (VD) levels are closely related to the occurrence of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs), but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Here, a total of 50 PCC patient serum samples were divided into the VD sufficient group (VD ≥ 30 ng/mL), the VD insufficient group (20 ng/mL ≤ VD < 30 ng/mL), and the VD deficiency group (VD < 20 ng/mL) and then subjected to proteomic analysis. We identified 15 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) between the VD sufficient and VD insufficient groups, incl ...[more]

PMID: 39979118

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Project description:Objective. Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is over-expressed in certain inflammatory diseases. Our objective in this study was to correlate FSTL-1 levels with measures of clinical disease activity in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Methods. FSTL-1 serum levels were measured by ELISA in 28 patients with sJIA, including 7 patients who developed MAS, as well as in 30 normal controls. Levels were correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin and sIL-2Rα expression. Differential gene expression based on FSTL-1 levels was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results. FSTL-1 serum levels were elevated at time of presentation (pre-treatment) of sJIA (mean 200.7 ng/ml) and decreased to normal (mean 133.7 ng/ml) over 24 months (p<0.01). FSTL-1 levels were markedly elevated during acute MAS (mean 279.8 ng/ml) and decreased to normal (mean 120.3 ng/ml) following treatment (p<0.001). FSTL-1 levels correlated with serum markers of inflammation, including sIL-2Rα and ferritin, in patients with MAS. PBMCs from patients with FSTL-1 levels >200 ng/ml showed an increase in expression of genes related to innate immunity and erythropoiesis, and decrease in NK cell function. Patients with the highest FSTL-1 levels at disease onset (>300 ng/ml) ultimately required cyclosporine treatment. Conclusion. In patients with sJIA, serum FSTL-1 is a biomarker for MAS and FSTL-1 levels at presentation may predict subsequent disease course. Patients with FSTL-1 levels >200 ng/ml had altered gene expression patterns suggestive of subclinical MAS and may represent a subgroup of sJIA with more severe disease. FSTL-1 serum levels were measured by ELISA in 28 patients with sJIA, including 7 patients who developed MAS, as well as in 30 normal controls. Levels were correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin and sIL-2Rα expression. Differential gene expression based on FSTL-1 levels was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Only 11 patients were run on microarray.

Dataset Information

Proteomics reveals that immunoglobulin abnormalities and immune dysregulation in patients with post–COVID-19 condition

Publications

Proteomics Reveals That Vitamin D Deficiency Leads to Immunoglobulin Abnormalities and Immune Dysregulation in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition.

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