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Excretory-secretory products of T. canis

ABSTRACT: Background: Toxocara canis is a significant zoonotic parasitic nematode with a worldwide distribution. While researches have been conducted on the excretory-secretory (ES) proteins of T. canis L3 larvae and the non-protein components of adult excretory-secretory products (ESPs), a comprehensive molecular characterization of adult-stage T. canis ES proteins remains lacking. Methods: The protein expression profiles of ES proteins were identified from female and male adult T. canis using Orbitrap Astral analyzer. Proteins with differential abundance (PDAs) between the sexes were analyzed, including subcellular localization, transcription factor, domain, GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. The immune-interacting ES proteins were identified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and mass spectrometry analysis. Results: A total of 2,513 ES proteins from adult T. canis were identified, including 1,516 common ES proteins in both female and male adults, with 180 up-regulated and 310 down-regulated PDAs in the two

ORGANISM(S): Toxocara Canis

SUBMITTER: Xingquan Zhu

PROVIDER: PXD064399 | iProX | Thu May 29 00:00:00 BST 2025

REPOSITORIES: iProX

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Project description:Filarial nematodes (superfamily Filarioidea) are responsible for an annual global health burden of approximately 6.3 million disability-adjusted life-years, which represents the greatest single component of morbidity attributable to helminths affecting humans. No vaccine exists for the major filarial diseases, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis; in part because research on protective immunity against filariae has been constrained because the human-parasitic species cannot complete their lifecycles in laboratory mice. However, the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis has become a popular experimental model, as BALB/c mice are fully permissive for its development and reproduction. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of excretory-secretory products from L. sigmodontis across five lifecycle stages. Applying intensity-based quantification, we determined the abundance of 302 unique excretory-secretory proteins, of which 64.6% were present in quantifiable amounts only from gravid adult female nematodes. This lifecycle stage, together with immature first-stage larvae (microfilariae), released four proteins that have not previously been evaluated as vaccine candidates: a predicted 28.5 kDa filaria-specific protein, a zonadhesin and SCO-spondin-like protein, a vitellogenin, and a protein containing six metridin-like ShK toxin domains. Female nematodes also released two proteins derived from the obligate Wolbachia symbiont. Notably, excretory-secretory products from all parasite stages contained several uncharacterised members of the transthyretin-like protein family. Furthermore, biotin labelling revealed that redox proteins and enzymes involved in purinergic signalling were enriched on the adult nematode cuticle. Comparison of the L. sigmodontis adult secretome with that of the human–infective filarial nematode Brugia malayi (reported previously in three independent published studies) identified differences that suggest a considerable underlying diversity of potential immunomodulators. The molecules identified in L. sigmodontis excretory-secretory products show promise not only for vaccination against filarial infections, but for the amelioration of allergy and autoimmune diseases.

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Excretory-secretory products of T. canis

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