Project description:After mapping to transcriptome using bowtie2 and peak calling by RNA peak caller (cfPeak), count matrix was created by merge 3 pairs of samples. EV-sorting small RNA sites in normal human plasma total RNA-seq were annotated by comparing differentially expressed peaks (EV vs. EV-depleted Plasma).
Project description:To investigate the mechanism of lenvatinib resistance, we established the lenvatinib resistant Huh7 (Huh7 LR) cells by continuous exposuring to lenvatinib (1–20 μM) for approximately 10 months. We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of Huh7 parental (Huh7 P) cells and the lenvatinib resistant Huh7 (Huh7 LR) cells.
Project description:To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity in the livers exposed to MC-LR at the environmental level, the hepatic transcriptome was performed. A total of 210 genes were differentially expressed (P<0.05, |fold change|≥2) in response to MC-LR exposure; among them, 143 genes were significantly upregulated, and 67 genes were downregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis identified the top biological functions associated with the genes differentially expressed in response to MC-LR exposure, which were circadian regulation of gene expression, negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway, the epoxygenase P450 pathway, regulation of insulin secretion, lipid metabolic process, and cell cycle pathway.
Project description:Extracellular Vesicles (EV) are an attractive therapy to boost cardiac regeneration. Nevertheless, identification of EV and corresponding cell platform(s) suitable for therapeutic application, is still a challenge. Here, we isolated EV from key stages of the human induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) differentiation and maturation, i.e., from hiPSC (hiPSC-EV), cardiac progenitors (CPC-EV), immature (CMi-EV) and mature (CMm-EV) cardiomyocytes, with the aim of identifying a promising cell biofactory for EV production, and pinpoint the genetic signatures of bioactive EV. EV were characterized in terms of expression of specific markers, yield, and size. Bioactivity was assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and hiPSC-CM. Small RNA-Seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed miRNA in the four EV groups. Bioactivity assays showed increased tube formation and migration in HUVEC treated with hiPSC-EV compared to EV from committed cell populations. hiPSC-EV also significantly increased hiPSC-CM proliferation. Global miRNA expression profiles corroborated an EV-miRNA pattern indicative of stem cell to cardiomyocyte specification. A stemness maintenance miRNA cluster upregulated in hiPSC-EV was found to target the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, hiPSC-EV treatment mediated PTEN suppression and increased AKT phosphorylation. Overall, our findings validate hiPSC as suitable cell biofactories for EV production for cardiac regenerative applications.
Project description:Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cancer pro-gression. Neutral Sphingomyelinases (nSMases) are lipid modifying enzymes that modu-late the secretion of EVs from cells. How nSMase activity and therefore ceramide genera-tion affects the composition and functionality of secreted EV is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to investigated the expression of nSMases 1 and 2 in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue and their role in EV composition and secretion for prostate cancer cell migration. Reduced nSMase 1 and 2 expression was found in prostate cancer and correlated with age of pa-tients. When nSMase 2 was inhibited by GW4869 in PCa cells, PC3 and DU145, the EV se-cretome was significantly altered, while the number of EVs and total protein content of the released EVs were not significantly changed. Using proteomics analysis, we found extra-cellular matrix proteins, such as SDC4 (Syndecan-4) and SRPX-2 differentially secreted on EVs from GW4869-treated PC3 cells. In scratch wound migration assays, GW4869 signifi-cantly increased migration compared to control PC3 cells but not DU145 cells, while SDC4 knockdown significantly reduced migration of PC3 cells. These and other nSMase 2-dependent secreted proteins are interesting candidates to understand the role of stress-induced EV in the progression of prostate cancer.