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Ustilago maydis PR-1-like protein has evolved two distinct domains for dual virulence activities

ABSTRACT: Diversification of effector function, driven by a co-evolutionary arms race, enables pathogens to establish compatible interactions with their hosts. Structurally conserved plant pathogenesis-related PR-1 and PR-1-like (PR-1L) proteins are involved in plant defense and fungal virulence, respectively. It is unclear how fungal PR-1L counteracts plant defense. Here, we show that Ustilago maydis UmPR-1La and yeast ScPRY1 with conserved phenolic detoxification functions are Ser/Thr-rich region-mediated cell-surface localization proteins. However, UmPR-1La has gained additional specialized activity in eliciting hyphal-like formation, suggesting that U. maydis deploys UmPR-1La to sense phenolics and direct their growth in plants. U. maydis also hijacks plant cathepsin B-like 3 (CatB3) to release functional CAPE-like peptides after cleaving a conserved CNYD motif of UmPR-1La to subvert plant immunity for promoting fungal virulence. Surprisingly, CatB3 avoids cleavage of plant PR-1s, despite the presence of the same conserved CNYD motif. Our work highlights that UmPR-1La has acquired additional dual roles to suppress plant defense and sustain the infection process of fungal pathogens.

ORGANISM(S): Zea Mays Ustilago Maydis

SUBMITTER: Lay-Sun Ma

PROVIDER: PXD041022 | JPOST Repository | Fri Mar 22 00:00:00 GMT 2024

REPOSITORIES: jPOST

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Project description:Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that does not often naturally infect alternate hosts such as plants, the plant-P. aeruginosa model has become a widely recognized system for identifying new virulence determinants and studying pathogenesis of this organism. Here we examine how both host factors and P. aeruginosa PAO1 gene expression are affected in planta after infiltration into incompatible and compatible cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Nicotiana tabacum has a resistance gene (N) against tobacco mosaic virus; and although resistance to PAO1 infection correlated to the presence of a dominant N-gene, our data suggests that it is not a factor in resistance against Pseudomonas. We did observe that the resistant tobacco cultivar had higher basal levels of salicylic acid, and a stronger salicylic acid response upon infiltration of PAO1. Salicylic acid acts as a signal to activate defense responses in plants, limiting the spread of the pathogen and preventng access to nutrients. It has also been shown to have direct virulence modulating effects on P. aeruginosa. We also examined host effects on the pathogen by analyzing global gene expression profiles of bacteria removed from the intracellular fluid of the two plant hosts. We discovered that the availability of micronutrients, particularly sulfate and Pi, are important factors in in planta pathogenesis, and that the amounts of these nutrients made available to the bacteria may in turn have an effect on virulence gene expression. Indeed, there are several reports suggesting that P. aeruginosa virulence is influenced in mammalian hosts by the availability of iron and by levels of O2. Experiment Overall Design: Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells were removed from leaf tissue 24 hours post-infiltration and RNA was directly extracted from these cells. Comparisons are between cells removed from a susceptible cultivar of Nicotiana tabacum (cv. Samsun) and a resistant cultivar (cv. Xanthi). Three biological replicates per cultivar were analyzed.

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Ustilago maydis PR-1-like protein has evolved two distinct domains for dual virulence activities

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