Whole-cell energy modeling reveals quantitative changes of predicted energy flows in RAS mutant cancer cell lines
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): LTQ Orbitrap
ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (ncbitaxon:10090)
SUBMITTER: 
Giorgio Oliviero
PROVIDER: MSV000089464 | MassIVE | Fri May 13 01:53:00 BST 2022
REPOSITORIES: MassIVE
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Project description:EGFR targeted therapy is in clinical use to treat squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and other cancers of lining epithelium. Activating Ras mutations are a negative prognostic factor for response to EGFR ablation therapy in multiple cancer types. Furthermore, the major adverse consequence of this therapy is an acneiform papulopustular eruption on normal skin. To better understand Ras signaling in an EGFR depleted environment, we performed gene expression profiling on oncogenic Ras transformed and wildtype mouse keratinocytes with EGFR ablated chronically by genetic deletion or acutely by drug treatment. We were able to identify a 25 gene signature specific to the Ras-EGFR ablation interaction and a distinct 19 gene EGFR ablation signature on normal keratinocytes. EGFR ablation in the context of wildtype Ras reduces ontologies favoring cell cycle control and transcription while ablation in the context of oncogenic Ras enriches ontologies for ion channels and membrane transporters, particularly focused on calcium homeostasis. The study showed substantial differences in ontologies between chronic EGFR ablation and acute pharmacological ablation, both with and without Ras activation. Pathway and biochemical analysis indicates that activation of p38α is a response to both acute and chronic abrogation of EGFR signaling under conditions of Ras activation. This was confirmed in oncogenic RAS transformed human keratinocytes and in tumors developing in orthografts of EGFR ablated mouse keratinocytes transformed by oncogenic Ras. EGFR ablation in the absence of oncogenic Ras revealed Erk and IL-1β related pathways. These findings reveal previously unrecognized interactions between Ras and EGFR signaling in squamous tumor cells that could influence the therapeutic response to EGFR ablation therapy.
2012-01-11 | GSE29415 | GEO
Project description:Oncolytic viruses exploit common molecular changes in cancer cells, which are not present in normal cells, to target and kill cancer cells. Ras transformation and defects in type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are known to be the major mechanisms underlying viral oncolysis. Previously, we demonstrated that oncogenic RAS/Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Ras/MEK) activation suppresses the transcription of many IFN-inducible genes in human cancer cells, suggesting that Ras transformation underlies type I IFN defects in cancer cells. Here, we investigated how Ras/MEK downregulates IFN-induced transcription. By conducting promoter deletion analysis of IFN-inducible genes, namely guanylate-binding protein 2 and IFN gamma inducible protein 47 (Ifi47), we identified the IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) binding site as the promoter region responsible for the regulation of transcription by MEK. MEK inhibition promoted transcription of the IFN-inducible genes in wild type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but not in IRF1−/− MEFs, showing that IRF1 is involved in MEK-mediated downregulation of IFN-inducible genes. Furthermore, IRF1 protein expression was lower in RasV12 cells compared with vector control NIH3T3 cells, but was restored to equivalent levels by inhibition of MEK. Similarly, the restoration of IRF1 expression by MEK inhibition was observed in human cancer cells. IRF1 re-expression in human cancer cells caused cells to become resistant to infection by the oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus strain. Together, this work demonstrates that Ras/MEK activation in cancer cells downregulates transcription of IFN-inducible genes by targeting IRF1 expression, resulting in increased susceptibility to viral oncolysis.
2014-11-13 | GSE49469 | GEO
Project description:RAS signalling through Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-Kinase) has been shown to have an essential role in tumour initiation and maintenance. RAS also regulates cell motility and tumor invasiveness, but the role of direct RAS binding to PI3-Kinase in this remains uncertain. Here, we provide evidence that disruption of RAS interaction with PI3-Kinase p110adecreases cell motility and prevents activation of Rac GTPase. Analysis of gene expression in cells lacking RAS interaction with p110areveals increased levels of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein Reelin and activation of its downstream pathway resulting in upregulation of E-Cadherin expression. Induction of the Reelin / E-Cadherin axis is also observed in Kras mutant lung tumours that are regressing due to blockade of RAS interaction with PI3-Kinase. Furthermore, loss of Reelin correlates with decreased survival of lung and breast cancer patients. Reelin thus plays a role in restraining RAS and PI3-kinase promotion of cell motility and potentially tumour metastasis. MEFs with or without RAS binding to p110a were seeded in a 10cm dish and left to attach during 24 hours. Full serum media was then removed and media with no FBS was added to the plates. Starvation was carried out during a period of 16 hours (over night starvation). Assay was performed in triplicates: for each genotype two diferent fibroblasts clones (and a mix of both of the clones) were used on the analysis. After starvation RNA was extracted using RNAsy kit (Quiagen). RNA was quantified and sent to Oxford Gene Technology microarray facility.
2016-02-12 | E-GEOD-77843 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Oncolytic viruses exploit common molecular changes in cancer cells, which are not present in normal cells, to target and kill cancer cells. Ras transformation and defects in type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are known to be the major mechanisms underlying viral oncolysis. Previously, we demonstrated that oncogenic RAS/Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Ras/MEK) activation suppresses the transcription of many IFN-inducible genes in human cancer cells, suggesting that Ras transformation underlies type I IFN defects in cancer cells. Here, we investigated how Ras/MEK downregulates IFN-induced transcription. By conducting promoter deletion analysis of IFN-inducible genes, namely guanylate-binding protein 2 and IFN gamma inducible protein 47 (Ifi47), we identified the IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) binding site as the promoter region responsible for the regulation of transcription by MEK. MEK inhibition promoted transcription of the IFN-inducible genes in wild type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but not in IRF1?/? MEFs, showing that IRF1 is involved in MEK-mediated downregulation of IFN-inducible genes. Furthermore, IRF1 protein expression was lower in RasV12 cells compared with vector control NIH3T3 cells, but was restored to equivalent levels by inhibition of MEK. Similarly, the restoration of IRF1 expression by MEK inhibition was observed in human cancer cells. IRF1 re-expression in human cancer cells caused cells to become resistant to infection by the oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus strain. Together, this work demonstrates that Ras/MEK activation in cancer cells downregulates transcription of IFN-inducible genes by targeting IRF1 expression, resulting in increased susceptibility to viral oncolysis. RNA was isolated from RasV12 transformed NIH/3T3 cells (RasV12 cells) treated with 20?M U0126 or 500U/ml IFN-?, or left untreated, for 6 hours, triplicate biological samples (9 samples).
2014-11-13 | E-GEOD-49469 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ras plays roles across the spectrum of proliferation, invasion and metastasis. The activity of Ras genes, usually K-Ras, is altered by mutations in around 20% of human cancers, and activation of the Ras-ERK pathway is a critical event in melanomas, colorectal and renal cancers but the degree to which Ras- or Raf-driven transformation is dependent on the activity of the SRF network remains largely obscure. Oncogenic active Ras is known to mediate the cellular response to multiple growth factors leading to the activation of immediate-early genes (IE). A key player in IE gene response is the SRF transcriptional network that we identified being crucial to mediate allegedly the entire transcriptional response downstream of Ras/ERK. The Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor with low intrinsic transcriptional activity and requires the recruitment of one of two families of co-activators: the MRTFs (myocardin-related transcription factors) and the TCFs (ternary complex factors, Elk-1, SAP-1, Net). In particular the TCF, member of the wide family of ETS transcription factors, are specifically activated by MAPK signalling downstream of Ras. We characterised the transcriptional program downstream of Ras/ERK signalling using short TPA stimulations (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, compunt known to induced Ras/ERK activation) by RNA-seq. The investigation of the transcriptional response was performed using Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from different animals: (i) wild type, (ii) TKO (MEFs derived from mice lacking all three TCFs), (iiI) TKO recon pMY Empty (TKO reconstituted with empty vectors by retrovirus infection), (iv) TKO recon Elk-1 wt (TKO reconstituted with retrovirus vectors expressing Elk-1 wild type by retrovirus infection), (v) TKO recon Elk-1 FW (TKO reconstituted with retrovirus vectors expressing Elk-1 mutant lacking the FW residues in its activation domain), (vi) TKO recon Elk-1 nonA (TKO reconstituted with retrovirus vectors expressing Elk-1 mutant where all phosphor-acceptor residues in its activation domain have been mutagenized to alanines). In order to map SRF and Elk-1 binding sites we performed ChIP-seq of SRF in wild type MEFs and TKO and ChIP-seq of Elk-1 in TKO reconstituted cell lines.
2016-11-28 | GSE75667 | GEO
Project description:As a critical cellular stress sensor, p53 mediates a variety of defensive processes including cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence to prevent propagation of hyperproliferative cells or cells with a damaged genome, hence the formation of neoplasia. Transactivation of downstream genes plays an important while sometimes controversial role in regulating these cellular processes. To evaluate the dependence on transcriptional activation in p53’s activities, we generated genetically-modified mouse lines carrying mutations in the transactivation domains (TADs) of p53. These transactivatio-deficient mutants serve as unique reagents to probe the dependence on robust transactivation in p53-mediated cellular functions, as well as the underneath mechanisms. To identify genes differentially regulated by these p53 mutants, we performed gene expression profiling analysis on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) from these mice in the context of oncogenic Ras-induced premature cellular senescence. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with different p53 genotypes were infected with retroviral H-Ras V12, which induces premature cellular senescence in p53 wild-type MEFs but not in p53 null MEFs. 5 genotypic groups of MEFs were used in the study: (i) p53L25Q/W26S, or "25,26", in which the first TAD (transactivation domain) of p53 is disrupted by the mutation, 5 biological samples; (ii) p53W53Q/F54S, or "53,54", in which the second TAD of p53 is disrupted by the mutation, 3 biological samples; (iii) p53L25Q/W26S/W53Q/F54S, or "QM", in which both TADs or p53 are disrupted, 3 biological samples; (iv) p53 wild-type, or "WT", 6 biological samples; (v) p53 null, or "Null", 6 biological samples.
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2017-12-08 | E-MTAB-5943 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Serum-dependent transcriptional networks identify distinct functional roles for H-ras and N-ras during initial stages of the cell cycle Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we compared gene expression transcriptional profiles corresponding to the initial cell cycle stages of mouse fibroblasts lacking H-Ras and/or NRas with those of matching, WT controls. The similarity of transcription profiles among serum-starved fibroblasts of all different WT and ras knockout genotypes tested, indicated that H-Ras and N-Ras do not play significant roles in control of transcriptional responses to serum deprivation stress. In contrast, genomic disruption of H-ras or N-ras, individually or in combination, determined highly specific, differential gene expression profiles in response to post-starvation stimulation with serum for 1 hour (G0/G1 transition) or for 8 hours (mid-G1 progression). The absence of N-Ras caused significantly higher changes than the absence of H-Ras on the wave of transcriptional activation linked to G0/G1 transition. In contrast, the absence of H-Ras affected more potently the profile of the transcriptional wave detected during mid-G1 progression. Functional analysis demonstrated a predominant functional association of H-Ras with growth and proliferation, whereas N-Ras exhibited a closer functional link to development or cell cycle regulation as well as immunomodulation and apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis indicated that ERK-dependent activation of Stat1 mediates the regulatory effect of N-Ras on defense and immunity, whereas the pro-apoptotic effects of N-Ras are mediated through ERK and p38 signaling. Our observations support previous reports of an absolute requirement for different peaks of Ras activity during the initial stages of the cell cycle and confirm the notion of functional specificity for the H-Ras and N-Ras isoforms. Keywords: different gene KO mice and time course
2009-09-01 | GSE14829 | GEO
Project description:Ephexin1 was initially identified as a neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in the control of neuronal development and synaptic homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that the induction of Ephexin1 expression by an oncogenic K-Ras mutation amplifies the MAPK signaling via direct interaction with oncogenic Ras and contributes to colon and lung tumorigenesis. Ephexin1 cooperates with mutant Ras to accelerate skin tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, we have demonstrated that the functionally relevant interaction between oncogenic K-Ras and Ephexin1. Together, these findings suggest that Ephexin1 serves as a positive regulator of Ras-driven oncogenesis and potentially represents a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
2021-10-27 | GSE147809 | GEO