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Single-polyp metabolomics reveals biochemical structuring of the coral holobiont at multiple scales

ABSTRACT: Here, we developed and verified a method to detect high-quality metabolomics data from an individual coral polyp and applied this method to study the spatial patterning of biochemicals across multiple spatial (~1 mm - ~100 m) and organizational scales (polyp to population). The data show a strong colony signature, a weak signature of specific branches within colonies, and a strong signature at the polyp-level related to the distance from the base of a branch that was primarily driven by sulfur-containing lipids associated with the coral host. This work yields insight into the spatial structuring of biochemicals in the coral holobiont, which is critical for the design, analysis, and interpretation of studies on coral reef biochemistry.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Montipora Capitata (ncbitaxon:46704)

SUBMITTER: Robert Quinn

PROVIDER: MSV000090806 | MassIVE | Tue Nov 29 13:12:00 GMT 2022

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:Purpose: Corals are major sources of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), a compound that plays a central role in the global sulphur cycle. While DMSP biosynthesis pathways have been investigated in plants and algae, the molecular basis for its production by corals is unknown. Given its potential role as an osmolyte, the effect of salinity stress on levels of DMSP was investigated in both adults and juveniles (lacking photosynthetic symbionts) of the coral Acropora millepora. This study used transcriptomic data to analyse the effects of salinity over the coral A. millepora and to identify coral genes likely to be involved in DMSP biosynthesis. Methods: Adults coral transcriptomic libraries were constructed from samples exposed during 1 and 24 hours of salinity treatment (25 PSU) and control (35 PSU) conditions (n=5 per condition). Juveniles coral transcriptomic libraries were constructed from samples exposed to 24 and 48 hours of salinity treatment (28 PSU) and control (35 PSU) conditions (n=6 per condition). All libraries were sequenced by 100 bp paired-end in a HiSeq 2000. Reads were mapped onto the Acropora millepora genome using TopHat2 to produce a count data gene expression matrix for subsequent gene expression analysis using DESeq2 package. Results: In adult coral samples, 5.5 - 10.2 million RNAseq reads were obtained for each treatment sampling time while 3.4 - 8.8 million reads were obtained for each juvenile coral sample. The count matrix of the 26,622 A. millepora gene predictions were generated using htseq-count workflow. BlastP analysis of the A. millepora gene predictions led to the identification of coral members of gene families implicated in DMSP biosynthesis in other organisms, while RNA-seq data was used to identify the differentially expressed ones in response to hyposaline stress and on this basis were considered to be candidates for roles in DMSP biosynthesis in corals. Conclusions: Hyposaline stress increased DMSP production in both adults and aposymbiotic juvenile corals, and transcriptomic analyses highlighted the potential involvement of specific candidate genes in the production of DMSP via an alga-like pathway. The biochemistry of DMSP production is not well established for any eukaryotic system and, as the first animals in which it has been demonstrated, this is particularly true in the case of corals. Our RNA-seq results enabled the identification of candidates for roles in DMSP biosynthesis in corals but, given its critical roles in diverse biological processes, a thorough investigation of the molecular mechanisms leading to its production by corals is required.

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Single-polyp metabolomics reveals biochemical structuring of the coral holobiont at multiple scales

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