Pseudomonadal itaconate degradation gene cluster encodes enzymes for methylsuccinate utilization
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): SYNAPT G2-Si
ORGANISM(S): Cupriavidus Necator H16 (dsm 428)
SUBMITTER: 
Ivan Berg
PROVIDER: MSV000098459 | MassIVE | Tue Jul 08 23:33:00 BST 2025
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PXD065931
REPOSITORIES: MassIVE
Similar Datasets
Project description:Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation mechanism accompanying inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can adopt regulatory roles that govern specific aspects of inflammatory response, as recently shown for succinate, which regulates the downstream pro-inflammatory IL-1β-HIF1a axis. Itaconate is one of the most highly induced metabolites in activated macrophages, yet its functional significance remains unknown. Here, we show that itaconate modulates macrophage metabolism and effector functions via its effect on succinate dehydrogenase, by inhibiting conversion of succinate to fumarate. Through this action, itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory effects when administered in vitro and in vivo during macrophage activation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using newly generated Irg1-/- mice, which lack the ability to produce itaconate, we show that endogenous itaconate regulates succinate levels and function, changes in mitochondrial respiration, and inflammatory cytokine production during macrophage activation. These studies highlight itaconate as a major physiological regulator of the global metabolic rewiring and effector functions of inflammatory macrophages. Experiment 1: mature WT BMDM were treated for 12h with 0.25 mM dimethyl itaconate (DI) or vehicle (Unst) and then stimulated with LPS (E. coli 0111:B4; 100 ng/ml, 4h) (DI+LPS; LPS); Experiment 2: mature Irg1-/- BMDM were stimulated with LPS (E. coli 0111:B4; 100 ng/ml) and murine recombinant IFNg (50 ng/ml) for 24h.
2016-07-01 | E-GEOD-82043 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:One primary metabolic manifestation of inflammation is the diversion of cis-aconitate within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to synthesize the immunometabolite itaconate. Itaconate is well established to possess immunomodulatory and metabolic effects within myeloid cells and lymphocytes, however, its effects in other organ systems during sepsis remain less clear. Utilizing Irg1 knockout mice that are deficient in synthesizing itaconate, we aimed at understanding the metabolic role of itaconate in the liver and systemically during sepsis. We find itaconate aids in lipid metabolism during sepsis. Specifically, Irg1 KO mice develop a heightened level of hepatic steatosis when induced with polymicrobial sepsis. Proteomics analysis reveal enhanced expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation in following 4-ocytl itaconate (4-OI) treatment in vitro. Downstream analysis reveals itaconate stabilizes the expression of the mitochondrial fatty acid uptake enzyme CPT1a, mediated by its hypoubiquitination. Chemoproteomic analysis revealed itaconate interacts with proteins involved in protein ubiquitination as a potential mechanism underlying its stabilizing effect on CPT1a. From a systemic perspective, we find itaconate deficiency triggers a hypothermic response following endotoxin stimulation, potentially mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) dysfunction. Finally, by use of metabolic cage studies, we demonstrate Irg1 KO mice rely more heavily on carbohydrates versus fatty acid sources for systemic fuel utilization in response to endotoxin treatment. Our data reveal a novel metabolic role of itaconate in modulating fatty acid oxidation during polymicrobial sepsis.
2024-01-29 | PXD047706 | Pride
Project description:Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation mechanism accompanying inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can adopt regulatory roles that govern specific aspects of inflammatory response, as recently shown for succinate, which regulates the downstream pro-inflammatory IL-1β-HIF1a axis. Itaconate is one of the most highly induced metabolites in activated macrophages, yet its functional significance remains unknown. Here, we show that itaconate modulates macrophage metabolism and effector functions via its effect on succinate dehydrogenase, by inhibiting conversion of succinate to fumarate. Through this action, itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory effects when administered in vitro and in vivo during macrophage activation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using newly generated Irg1-/- mice, which lack the ability to produce itaconate, we show that endogenous itaconate regulates succinate levels and function, changes in mitochondrial respiration, and inflammatory cytokine production during macrophage activation. These studies highlight itaconate as a major physiological regulator of the global metabolic rewiring and effector functions of inflammatory macrophages.
2016-07-01 | GSE82043 | GEO
Project description:The organ size control and tissue homeostasis maintenance are vital in the formation of vertebrate sensory organs, which are tightly regulated. Here, we identify a metabolic regulatory axis, Irg1l, a zebrafish homologue of the mammalian mitochondrial enzyme immunoresponsive gene 1, and its product itaconate in neuromast development. It was demonstrated that irg1l was found to be highly and specifically expressed in supporting cells of developing neuromast, and decreased along the hair cell trajectory. Loss-of-function of irg1l caused neuromast size reduction and auditory dysfunction. Conversely, gain-of-function of irg1l increased the neuromast size. We found that excessive proliferation of supporting cells results in the larger neuromast. Notably, 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), an itaconate derivative, recapitulates the phenotype of irg1l overexpression and increases the neuromast size. Mechanistically, Irg1l and itaconate induce succinate accumulation, which could lead to disruptions of the TCA cycle. It was confirmed by transcriptome sequencing and metabolic pathway inhibitor treatment. Inhibiting and activating YAP, respectively, can rescue the up- or down-regulation of Irg1l/itaconate-induced phenotypes, suggesting that YAP signaling acts downstream of metabolic reprograming induced by irg1l/ITA axis. Collectively, these results provide a novel insight into the role of metabolic signaling and its transduction during sensory organ development. Targeting this metabolic regulatory pathway within supporting cells may prove useful in further regulating sensory hair cell development and regeneration.
2025-10-21 | GSE264562 | GEO
Project description:This dataset was generated to confirm that +130 and +146 Da adducts observed in LPS-stimulated macrophages were produced by the itaconate metabolite. To this end, model proteins (bovine serum albumin and human KEAP1) were reacted in vitro with itaconate, and the correspondent adducts were analyzed by LC-MSMS
2021-07-22 | PXD019858 | Pride
Project description:Here, we report that macrophage-derived itaconate exerts a significant suppressive effect on dendritic cell (DC) function. To delve deeper into the impact of itaconate on DCs, we treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with 4-OI, a derivative of itaconate, and conducted RNA-seq analysis. Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of 4-OI-treated DCs showed a general downregulation of innate immunity and immune-response pathways.
2024-06-30 | GSE268402 | GEO
Project description:Itaconate is an immunoregulatory metabolite produced by the mitochondrial enzyme immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) in inflammatory macrophages. We recently identified an important mechanism by which itaconate is released from inflammatory macrophages. However, it remains unknown whether extracellular itaconate is taken up by non-myeloid cells to exert immunoregulatory functions. Here, we used a custom-designed CRISPR screen to identify the dicarboxylate transporter solute carrier family 13 member 3 (SLC13A3) as an itaconate importer and to characterize the role of SLC13A3 in itaconate-improved hepatic antibacterial innate immunity. Functionally, liver-specific deletion of Slc13a3 impairs hepatic antibacterial innate immunity in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, itaconate uptake via SLC13A3 induces transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosomal biogenesis and subsequently improves antibacterial innate immunity in murine hepatocytes. These findings identify SLC13A3 as a key itaconate importer in murine hepatocytes and will aid in the development of potent itaconate-based antibacterial therapeutics.
2024-07-08 | GSE230735 | GEO
Project description:The tumor microenvironment possesses multiple overlapping mechanisms that suppress anti-tumor immunity. Itaconate is a metabolite produced from the Krebs cycle intermediate cis-aconitate by the activity of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1). While it is known to be immune modulatory, the role of itaconate in anti-tumor immunity is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) secreted itaconate that can be taken up by CD8+ T cells and suppress their proliferation, cytokine production, and cytolytic activity. Metabolite profiling, stable-isotope tracing and metabolite supplementation studies indicated that itaconate suppressed biosynthesis of aspartate and serine/glycine in CD8+ T cells to attenuate their proliferation. Moreover, stromal deletion of IRG1 in mice bearing allografted tumors resulted in decreased tumor growth, inhibited the immune suppressive activities of MDSCs, reduced levels of itaconate in tumors, promoted anti-tumor immunity of CD8+ T cells, and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-1 antibody treatment. Importantly, we found a significant negative correlation between IRG1 expression and response to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma patients. Our findings not only reveal a previously unknown role of itaconate as an immune checkpoint metabolite secreted from MDSCs to suppress CD8+ T cells, but also establish IRG1 as a novel myeloid-selective target in immunometabolism to promote anti-tumor immunity and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint protein blockade.
2022-11-15 | GSE190028 | GEO
Project description:A wide variety of electrophilic derivatives of the Kreb’s cycle-derived metabolite, itaconate, are immunomodulatory, yet these derivatives have overlapping and sometimes contradictory activities. Therefore, we generated a genetic system to interrogate the immunomodulatory functions of endogenously produced itaconate in human macrophages. Endogenous itaconate is driven by multiple innate signals restraining inflammatory cytokine production. Endogenous itaconate directly targets cysteine 13 in IRAK4 disrupting IRAK4 autophosphorylation and activation, drives the degradation of NFκB, and modulates global ubiquitination patterns. As a result, cells unable to make itaconate overproduce inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL6, and IL-1β in response to these innate activators. In contrast, the production of IFNβ, downstream of LPS, requires the production of itaconate. These data demonstrate that itaconate is a critical arbiter of inflammatory cytokine production downstream of multiple innate signaling pathways laying the groundwork for the development of itaconate mimetics for the treatment of autoimmunity.
2024-07-16 | PXD053956 | JPOST Repository
Project description:Itaconate has emerged as a critical immunoregulatory metabolite. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of itaconate in atherosclerosis. We found that both itaconate and the enzyme that synthesizes it, aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1, also known as “immune-responsive gene 1”/IRG1) are upregulated during atherogenesis in mice. Here we analzyed the anatomy of atherosclerotic plaques from wildtype and Acod1-/- mice through single cell RNA-seq.
2024-02-14 | GSE235749 | GEO