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Taurine ameliorates oxidative stress of BMSCs and promotes osteogenesis in irradiated jaws

ABSTRACT: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a complication after head and neck radiotherapy that severely affects patients’ quality of life. Currently, an overall understanding of microenvironmental factors of ORNJ is still lacking. Here, we reveal the activation of taurine metabolism in irradiated mandibular stromal cells with scRNA-Seq and the decrease of taurine in irradiated bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) with metabolomics. Compared to the unirradiated BMSCs, the taurine uptake of irradiated BMSCs increases. The taurine concentration in peripheral blood and jaws of irradiated mice are significantly lower than the unirradiated mice. Supplementation of taurine promotes osteogenic differentiation, decreases oxidative stress and DNA damage of irradiated BMSCs. Oral administration of taurine significantly promotes survival rate of irradiated mice and promotes osteogenesis of irradiated jaws. Our study sheds light on the role of taurine during the recovery of radiation-induced jaw injury, suggesting a potential non-invasive therapeutic means to combat ORNJ.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS -

PROVIDER: MTBLS10284 | MetaboLights | 2024-07-08

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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Project description:The treatment of bone defects caused by infection, trauma or neoplasms remains a clinical challenge. Autologous bone transplantation is limited by availability, donor site morbidity and surgical risk factors. This has given rise to stromal/stem-cell based therapy. Bone marrow derived stromal cells (BMSCs) have been studied to a large extent and show high regenerative potential but their use is limited by availability, donor site morbidity and the relatively low cell yield as they represent only <0.1% of cell harvested from bone marrow aspirate. At the same time, they are the closest mesenchymal stromal cells for bone tissue engineering given their tissue origin and, unlike other mesenchymal stromal cells, can support the formation of hematopoietic marrow. Adipose tissue derived stromal cells (ASCs) as part of the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue can as well undergo osteogenic differentiation but can be additionally isolated in a sufficient quantity from lipoaspirate after liposuction of abundant subcutaneous fat tissue. Here, it has been shown that there are no major differences in regard to proliferation or differentiation capacity of ASCs derived from subcutaneous fat of different anatomical regions. It has been shown that BMSCs are more prone to senescence during expansion and passage than ASCs and that ageing impacts proliferative capabilities of BMSCs more than that of ASCs while it has also been reported that osteogenic differentiation capacity is least impacted by age. Multiple studies have compared the characteristics of these two mesenchymal stromal cells in regard to bone tissue engineering in vitro. Most studies point to inferior extracellular matrix mineralization and lower expression of key osteogenic transcription markers like Runx2 in osteogenic differentiated ASCs compared to BMSCs. On the other hand, a study by Rath et al. found contrary results using particular culturing conditions like 3D bioglass scaffolds. An intraindividual comparison of human MSCs of three donors cultured on decellularized porcine bone confirmed superior osteogenic capacity of BMSCs compared to ASCs. In contrast to BMSCs, ASCs were not able to induce heterogenic ossification in a mouse model. In a sheep tibia defect model application of BMSCs resulted in a significantly higher amount of newly formed bone tissue. Importantly, Osteogenic differentiated ASCs do not support the formation of a hematopoietic marrow. Proteomics enables large-scale analysis of proteins present in a cell type and can be used to identify differentially regulated key proteins in a comparative approach. A comparative proteomic analysis of BMSCs and ASCs by Roche et al. in 2009 identified 556 proteins with 78% of these not being differentially regulated between these two cell populations, regarded as high similarity. Another comparative proteomic study of 2016 by Jeon et al. found 90 differentially regulated proteins out of 3000 total identified proteins. Both studies do not specify a number of different tissue donors and in part using cell lines. Looking for differences upon osteogenic differentiation, transcriptomic comparison of osteogenic differentiated porcine ASCs and BMSCs has been performed, resulting in 21 differentially expressed genes after 21 days of osteogenic culture conditions. Still, it remains unanswered, which are the key distinctive features of osteogenic differentiated ASCs and BMSCs at protein level that might help address the abovementioned weaknesses of ASCs in bone tissue engineering/regeneration for translational research. To overcome this need, an intraindividual comparative DIA based proteomic analysis of osteogenic differentiated human BMSC and ASCs was performed in this study.

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Taurine ameliorates oxidative stress of BMSCs and promotes osteogenesis in irradiated jaws

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