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Chlorogenic acid alters ileal microbiota and metabolites in broilers under immune stress

ABSTRACT:

Immune stress in broilers can cause severe economic losses, chlorogenic acid is an effective plant extract for alleviating immune stress. This study investigates the effect of chlorogenic acid on the intestinal microbiota and metabolites of broilers under immune stress. 312 broilers were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, namely saline group, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, saline+chlorogenic acid (SCGA) group, and LPS+CGA (LCGA) group. The LPS group and LCGA group of broilers were injected with 0.5 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally at 14, 15, and 17 days of age to induce immune stress. SCGA and LCGA group fed a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg CGA. At 17d, the ileal contents of broilers were collected for microbial and metabolomics analysis. Results showed that immune stress led Subdoligranulum decreased, thereby lowering the diversity of the intestinal microbial community. CGA increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria Clostridiaceae and Candidatus Arthromitus in the ileum of immune-stressed broilers, while reducing the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Allobaculum, Desulfovibrio, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae. Non-targeted metabolomics results showed that immune stress significantly increased the content of methylmalonic acid, N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and pantothenic acid in the ileum of broilers, while significantly downregulated the content of pyroglutamic acid, L-glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, and biliverdin, indicating that LPS activated inflammation and oxidation in broilers, leading to oxidative damage in the intestine. After CGA added, the levels of corticosterone, prostaglandin B2, trans-ferulic acid, methylmalonic acid in the ileum of immune-stressed broilers were significantly lower, while the levels of pyroglutamic acid, L-glutamic gamma-semialdehyde, biliverdin, chenodeoxycholic acid, desmosterol, and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid were significantly higher, indicating that CGA can alleviate the inflammatory response induced by immune stress and enhance antioxidant capacity. Therefore, CGA can alleviate immune stress by regulating the ileal microbiota and metabolites.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS11790 | MetaboLights | 2025-06-09

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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Project description:Background In broilers, heat stress can result in reduced feed consumption, digestive inefficiency, impaired metabolism, and even death. The broiler sector of the U.S. poultry industry incurs approximately $52 million in heat stress-related losses annually. The objective of this study is to characterize the effects of chronic, cyclic heat stress on the transcriptome of a metabolically active organ, the liver. Characterizing the liver transcriptome of heat-stressed broilers will help clarify the effects of heat stress on metabolism. This information will provide a platform for future investigations that further elucidate physiologic responses to heat stress and seek methods to ameliorate the negative impacts of heat. Results Transcriptome sequencing of the livers of 8 broiler males using Illumina HiSeq 2000 technology, resulted in a total of 138 million, 100 base pair single end reads, yielding 13.8 gigabases of sequence. Forty genes were differentially expressed at a significance level of P-value < 0.05 and a fold change ≥ 2 in response to chronic, cyclic heat stress (mid-point of the last day of a 7-day cyclic heat stress of 7 hours per day), with 27 down-regulated and 13 up-regulated. Two gene networks were created from the function-based Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of the differentially expressed genes; “Cell Signaling, Molecular Transport, Small Molecule Biochemistry” and “Endocrine System Development and Function, Small Molecule Biochemistry Cell Signaling”. Members of the MAPK signaling pathway and differentially expressed genes that are associated with MAPK-related functions were prominent in the networks. Cellular proliferation and differentiation, inflammationand stress-related signaling, and apoptosis-associated genes were down-regulated in response to heat stress. Genes responsible for inhibiting feed intake and sphingolipidrelated signaling were up-regulated. Genes involved with the regulation of inflammation, stress, thyroid hormone level, and body temperature were both up- and down-regulated. Conclusions Chronic, cyclic heat stress of broilers results in metabolic changes that can be characterized through RNA-seq analysis of the liver transcriptome. The primary affected pathways included cell signaling, molecular transport, endocrine system development and signaling, and small molecule biochemistry. Examination of 2 heat treatments. Four heat stressed liver samples and 4 control liver samples analyzed.

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Chlorogenic acid alters ileal microbiota and metabolites in broilers under immune stress

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