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Aroma and quality of breads baked from old and modern wheat varieties and their prediction from genomic and flour-based metabolite profiles

ABSTRACT: Bread aroma is the principal characteristic perceived by the consumer yet it is mostlydisregarded in the product chain. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toinclude bread aroma as a new target criterion into the wheat product chain. The objectivesof our study were to (i) quantify the influence of genetic versus environmental factors onthe bread aroma and quality characteristics, (ii) evaluate whether bread baked from modernwheat varieties differ in terms of aroma from those baked from old varieties and (iii) comparegenomic and metabolomic approaches for their efficiency to predict bread aroma and qualitycharacteristics in a wheat breeding program. Agronomic characters as well as bread aroma andquality traits were assessed for 18 old and 22 modern winter wheat varieties evaluated at up tothree locations in Germany. Metabolite profiles of all 120 flour samples were collected using a7200 GC-QTOF. Considerable differences in the adjusted entry means for all examined breadaroma and quality characters were observed. For aroma, which was rated on a scale from 1 to9, the adjusted entry means varied for the 40 wheat varieties between 3 and 8. In contrast,the aroma of bread prepared from old and modern wheat varieties did not differ significantly(P<0.05). Bread aroma was not significantly (P<0.05) correlated with grain yield, whichsuggested that it is possible to select for the former character in wheat breeding programswithout reducing the gain of selection for the latter. Finally, we have shown that bread aromacan be better predicted using a combination of metabolite and SNP genotyping profiles insteadof the SNP genotyping profile only. In conclusion, we have illustrated possibilities to increasethe quality of wheat for consumers in the product chain.

INSTRUMENT(S): Gas Chromatography MS -

SUBMITTER: Dominik Brilhaus

PROVIDER: MTBLS1187 | MetaboLights | 2019-11-12

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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Project description:Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) contributes to 20% of the human protein supply, delivers essential amino acids and is of fundamental importance for bread and pasta quality. Wheat proteins are also involved in adverse human reactions like celiac disease, wheat allergy and the non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). Using LC-MS-based LFQ proteomics of aqueous flour extracts we determined 756 proteins across 150 wheat varieties grown in three environments. However, only 303 proteins were stably expressed across all environments in at least one variety underlining the large influence of environmental conditions on the expression of many proteins. Moreover, only 89 proteins were comparably expressed by all 150 varieties, with high coefficients of variation for the other proteins. Heritability (h) ranged from 0-1 with 114 proteins having h² > 0.6. Therefore, the expression of the variable proteins should be amenable to targeted manipulation across the wheat supply chain by varietal choice and breeding. Our study provides a first approach towards a fast and high-throughput methodology for quantifying these proteins which is required to breed wheats with the desired properties. Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) appear as a potential trigger for NCWS inducing intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation. Studies on the prevalence and genetic architecture of ATI proteins in wheat are lacking so far. Large differences in the content and composition of 8 ATIs in the different varieties were identified by QconCAT-assisted quantification. The ATI proteins had low coefficients of correlations with quality traits commonly analyzed in wheat breeding. However, heritability was quite low except for ATI 0.28 and ATI CM2. A genome wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture built up on many small but few medium and two major quantitative trait loci (QTL). The latter were on chromosome 3B for ATI 0.19-like and 6B for ATI 0.28 explaining 70.6 and 68.7% of the genetic variance, respectively. Using the wheat reference genome sequence, seven potential candidate genes behind the medium and major QTL were described with only one showing polymorphism based on exome capture analysis. Consequently, wheat breeding could contribute to a reduction of ATI contents in wheat products if incidence of ATI on human health is further confirmed.

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Aroma and quality of breads baked from old and modern wheat varieties and their prediction from genomic and flour-based metabolite profiles

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