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Comprehensive analysis of flavonoids metabolism and transcription in different parts of Houttuynia cordata

ABSTRACT:

Houttuynia cordata is a medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological activities, but the relationship between its flavonoid components and gene expression across different plant parts remains poorly understood. This study aims to explore these relationships using metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches.Differential metabolites were identified through a T-test and OPLS-DA (P <0.05,VIP>1).Transcriptomic data were analyzed for flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes using Fold Change≥2, FDR<0.01, and Benjamini-Hochberg correction.The roots were rich in flavonoids, while the stems exhibited higher hydroxyl group concentrations, and the leaves also contained significant flavonoid levels. A total of 22 differential metabolites (11 flavonoids) were identified between leaves and stems, 25 (14 flavonoids) between leaves and roots, and 32 (12 flavonoids) between stems and roots. KEGG analysis revealed that flavonoid, flavonol, and derivative biosynthesis were the primary metabolic pathways. Key enzymes, including flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonol synthase, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, were identified. Additionally, higher levels of glutathione enzymes in leaves and stems may facilitate flavonoid transport to roots.This study elucidates the relationship between metabolic components and gene expression in Houttuynia cordata, providing valuable insights for its comprehensive utilization in pharmacological applications.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS12311 | MetaboLights | 2026-01-24

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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Project description:<p>Hemerocallis citrina Baroni is a traditional medical and edible plant with various health benefits. Currently, many phytochemical analyses have been performed and various biological constituents have been extracted from H. citrina. Flavonoid compounds are a kind of important bioactive components. However, the comparison of flavonoid compounds and antioxidant potentials of different tissues of H. citrina is not clear. In this study, we identified flavonoid metabolites and investigated antioxidant activities of four tissues including roots, stems, leaves and flowers of H. citrina. A total of 364 flavonoid metabolites were identified by UPLC-MS/MS based metabolomics, and the four tissues showed dramatic differences at flavonoid metabolic level. Compared to H. citrina roots, 185, 234 and 119 flavonoid metabolites accounted for upregulated DFMs in stems, leaves and flowers, respectively. Compared to stems, 168 and 29 flavonoid metabolites accounted for upregulated DFMs in leaves and flowers, respectively. Compared to leaves, only 29 flavonoid metabolites accounted for upregulated DFMs in flowers. A number of 35 common flavonoid metabolites were observed among six comparison groups, and each comparison group had its unique differential metabolites. The most abundant flavonoid metabolites in the four tissues are flavonols and flavones, followed by flavanones, chalcones, flavanols, flavanonols, anthocyanidins, tannin and proanthocyanidins. The dominant DFMs in roots are 6,7,8-Tetrahydroxy-5-methoxyflavone, 7,8,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone, 1-Hydroxy-2,3,8-trimethoxyxanthone, Farrerol-7-O-glucoside, 3',7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, 3,3'-O-Dimethylellagic Acid, 5-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone, Nepetin (5,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavone), (2s)-4,8,10-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-1h,2h-furo[3,2-a]xanthen-11-one. The dominant DFMs in stems are Isorhamnetin-3-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside, 7-Benzyloxy-5-hydroxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavonoid, 3-Hydroxyphloretin-4'-O-glucoside. The dominant DFMs in leaves are Chrysoeriol-7-O-glucoside, Epicatechin glucoside, Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (Afzelin)(Kaempferin)*, Azaleatin (5-O-Methylquercetin), Chrysoeriol-5-O-glucoside, Nepetin-7-O-glucoside(Nepitrin), 3,5,7,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone; Datiscetin, Procyanidin B2*, Procyanidin B3*, Procyanidin B1, Isorhamnetin-3-O-(6''-acetylglucoside). The dominant DFMs in flowers are kaempferol-3-p-coumaroyldiglucoside, Delphinidin-3-O-sophoroside-5-O-glucoside, Limocitrin-3-O-sophoroside, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside(Nicotiflorin), Luteolin-7-O-(6''-malonyl)glucoside-5-O-rhamnoside. The total flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidant activities of different tissues were in the order of leaves>stems>flowers>roots. The positive correlation was shown between TFC and the antioxidant activity values obtained from DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. There was significant difference in flavonoid metabolites among different tissues of H. citrina. Leaves had higher metabolites and antioxidant capacity than other tissues. This study promoted comprehensive resource utilization of H. citrina and provided biological and chemical evidence for the different uses of various plant tissues.</p>

Project description:Flavonols constitute a group of flavonoids with important photoprotective roles in plants. In addition, flavonol content and composition greatly influences fruit quality. We previously demonstrated that the grapevine R2R3-MYB transcription factor VviMYBF1 promotes flavonol accumulation by inducing the expression of flavonol synthase (VviFLS1/VviFLS4), a key step of the initial flavonol pathway. Despite this, gene networks underlying flavonol modification in grapevine including both structural and regulatory genes remain poorly understood. In order to identify flavonol modifying genes and transcription factors acting downstream of VviMYBF1 a microarray-based transcriptome analysis was performed on grapevine hairy roots ectopically expressing VviMYBF1 or a Green Fluorescent Protein as control. VviFLS1 was induced in VviMYBF1 transgenic roots and flavonols, mainly quercetin 3-glucoside and quercetin 3-galactoside, accumulated significantly compared with control lines. Among the differentially expressed genes, potential flavonol-modifying enzymes with predicted rhamnosyltransferase (e.g. RhaT1) or glycosyltransferase (e.g. GT3) activities were identified. In addition, important transcription factors of the MYB and bZIP families such as the proanthocyanidin regulator VviMYBPA1 and the UV-B light responsive HY5 homologue VviHYH were significantly altered in their expression pattern by overexpression of VviMYBF1. In silico promoter sequence analysis confirmed that the significantly differentially expressed genes contained binding sites similar to known MYB recognition elements. Co-temporal expression analysis demonstrated positive correlation of VviMYBF1 and accumulation of glycosylated flavonols with VviGT3 and VviRhaT1 during berry development and in fruits ripened with different light and UV-B radiation conditions at field. These results show that VviMYBF1 overexpression led to the identification of novel genes of the flavonol pathway and that the flavonol modifying machinery can be influenced by agricultural practices to optimize flavonol composition in grapes.

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Comprehensive analysis of flavonoids metabolism and transcription in different parts of Houttuynia cordata

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