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Targeting lung microbiota with Lactobacillus aerosolization: a novel strategy to alleviate inflammation and enhance productivity in broilers

ABSTRACT:

Background In large-scale poultry farming, broilers of the same breed, sharing a common genetic background and identical management conditions, nevertheless exhibit considerable individual variation in body weight. Multitudinous stressors can profoundly influence the host microbiota, thereby modulating overall health and growth. This study employed multi-omics approaches to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the disparities between high- and low-weight broilers and to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus aerosolization on growth performance and systemic inflammation in these animals.

Results This study identified distinct plasma proteomic profiles between high- and low-weight broilers, with the latter exhibiting a systemic inflammatory response. Gut microbiota differences were minimal, and fecal microbiota transplantation did not alter broiler body weight. However, lung microbiota analysis revealed a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus in high-weight broilers, linked to altered plasma tryptophan metabolism. Aerosolized Lactobacillus reuteri C501, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus UA260, and their combination enhanced growth and mitigated LPS-induced inflammation. This intervention increased L-Tryptophan (L-Trp), indoleacrylic acid (IAA), and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3C) levels in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Mechanistic studies showed that IAA and I3C activated the AHR pathway, promoting SOCS3 expression in macrophages, inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling, and alleviating LPS-induced inflammation.

Conclusions Aerosolization of Lactobacillus enhances broiler performance and alleviates LPS-induced stress responses. This effect is mediated through the modulation of tryptophan metabolism, which interacts with the AHR/SOCS3 axis to inhibit JAK2/STAT3 signaling, thereby reducing both pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Our findings provide insights into the interaction between poultry production and lung microbiota, establishing Lactobacillus aerosolization as a promising strategy to combat systemic inflammation and improve poultry health and performance.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - alternating - reverse phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS12595 | MetaboLights | 2025-06-14

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS12595_LC-MS_alternating_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS12595_LC-MS_alternating_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	s_MTBLS12595.txt	Txt

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Targeting lung microbiota with Lactobacillus aerosolization: a novel strategy to alleviate inflammation and enhance productivity in broilers

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