Dataset Information

Fecal metabolome alterations in infants at risk of developing allergy during the first year of life

ABSTRACT:

Background: Disturbances in the gut microbiome (GM) during the first year of life may contribute to allergy risk. This period is characterized by rapid microbial colonization, influenced by factors like delivery mode and infant feeding practices. This study investigates changes in key GM taxa and fecal metabolites in relation to allergy development, delivery mode, age and infant feeding practices during the first year of life.

Methods: In this study, 72 infants, exclusively breastfed for at least 16 weeks and at risk of developing allergies, were followed in their first year during which allergy manifestations were recorded and fecal samples were collected. The samples were subjected to metabolic profiling covering host and microbial metabolites and fluorescent in situ hybridization to quantify Bifidobacterium spp. and the Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides group.

Results: Strong age-associated metabolic shifts were observed, particularly in aromatic amino acid metabolites, bile acids, B vitamins and short and long-chain fatty acids. Introduction of complementary feeding and the cessation of breastfeeding were significantly associated with changes to the fecal metabolome. Delivery mode had a pronounced impact on the metabolome, with differences persisting until 6 months of age. Infants who developed an allergy (n=20) had lower Bifidobacterium spp. and higher long-chain fatty acid levels before age of 16 weeks.

Conclusion: This study offers valuable insights into the longitudinal development of the fecal metabolome during infancy. It highlights potential early biomarkers for allergy risk, which could inform future dietary strategies to support gut health and reduce the risk of developing allergy.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - - - Liquid ChromatSTUDY PROTOCOLS, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive, Liquid Chromatography MS - - -

PROVIDER: MTBLS12775 | MetaboLights | 2026-06-09

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS12775_LC-MS_negative__metabolite_profiling-1.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS12775_LC-MS_negative__metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS12775_LC-MS_positive__metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS12775_LC-MS_negative__metabolite_profiling-1_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:Allergy is one of the most common diseases among young children yet all factors that affect development of allergy remain unclear. In a small cohort of 65 children living in the same rural area of south-west Sweden, we have previously found that maternal factors, including prenatal diet, affect childhood allergy risk, suggesting that in utero conditions may be important for allergy development. Here, we studied if metabolites in the umbilical cord blood of newborns may be related to development of childhood allergy, accounting for key perinatal factors such as mode of delivery, birth order and sex. Available umbilical cord blood plasma samples from 44 of the participants were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics; allergy was diagnosed by specialised paediatricians at ages 18 months, 3 years and 8 years and included eczema, asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Nineteen cord blood metabolites were related to future allergy diagnosis though there was no clear pattern of up- or downregulation of metabolic pathways. In contrast, perinatal factors birth order, sex and mode of delivery affected several energy and biosynthetic pathways, including glutamate and aspartic acid-histidine metabolism (p = 0.004) and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (p = 0.006) for birth order; branched chain amino acid metabolism (p = 0.0009) and vitamin B6 metabolism (p = 0.01) for sex; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylic acid metabolism (p = 0.005) for mode of delivery. Maternal diet was also related to some of the metabolites associated with allergy. In conclusion, the cord blood metabolome includes individual metabolites that reflect lifestyle, microbial and other factors that may be associated with future allergy diagnosis, and also reflects temporally close events/factors. Larger studies are required to confirm these associations, and perinatal factors such as birth order or siblings must be considered in future cord-blood metabolome studies.

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Fecal metabolome alterations in infants at risk of developing allergy during the first year of life

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