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Exploring the variations in intestinal microbial communities and metabolite profiles between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant chickens through a comprehensive multi-omics approach

ABSTRACT:

Heat stress (HS) compromises poultry health by disrupting intestinal integrity and microbiota homeostasis. This study compared heat stress-susceptible (HS-SUS) and heat stress-resistant (HS-RES) White Leghorn chickens under chronic cyclic HS (35±2°C, 8 h/day). HS-RES chickens demonstrated superior growth performance (increased weight gain, reduced feed conversion ratio), decreased oxidative damage (lower MDA), and attenuated inflammation (reduced IL-6/TNF-α). Intestinal barrier integrity was preserved in HS-RES, evidenced by intact villi and upregulated tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin). 16S rRNA sequencing revealed higher microbial richness in HS-RES with enriched beneficial taxa (Lactobacillus, Alistipes) and depleted pathogenic Erysipelatoclostridium. Metabolomics identified HS-RES-specific enrichment in lysine/riboflavin biosynthesis and anti-inflammatory pathways, strongly correlating with beneficial microbiota. Critically, Lactobacillus abundance positively correlated with α-tocopherol, while Alistipes associated with lysine/riboflavin metabolism. These results establish microbial-metabolite synergy as a core mechanism for HS resilience, informing probiotic strategies to enhance thermotolerance.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - HILIC, Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - HILIC

PROVIDER: MTBLS12991 | MetaboLights | 2025-09-12

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS12991_LC-MS_negative_hilic_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS12991_LC-MS_positive_hilic_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS12991_LC-MS_negative_hilic_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS12991_LC-MS_positive_hilic_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:Eimeria (E.) maxima parasite infects the midgut disrupting the jejunal and ileal mucosal lining causing high morbidity and mortality in chickens. Heat stress (HS) is a seasonal stressor that affects biological functions leading to poor performance. Our objective was to elucidate how HS, E. maxima infection, and their combination affect the ileum transcriptome. Two-hundred and forty 2-week-old males Ross708 chickens were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: thermoneutral control (TNc), thermoneutral infected (TNi), heat stress control (HSc), and heat stress infected (HSi), with 6 replicates each of 10 birds. Infected groups received 200x103 sporulated E. maxima oocysts/bird, and heat treatment groups were raised at 35oC. At 6-day post-treatment, five chickens per group were randomly sampled, and ileum tissues were collected for RNA extraction and sequencing using NGS Illumina sequencing platforms. A total of 413, 3377, 1908, and 2304 DEGs were identified when applying the comparisons: TNc vs HSc, TNc vs TNi, HSi vs HSc, and TNi vs HSi, respectively, at cutoff ≥1.2-fold change (FDR: q<0.05). HSc vs TNc showed upregulation of lipid metabolic pathways and degradation and metabolism of multiple amino acids, and downregulation of most immune-related and protein synthesis pathways. TNc vs TNi displayed upregulation of most of the immune-associated pathways and eukaryotic mRNA maturation pathways, and downregulation of fatty acid metabolism and multiple amino acid metabolism pathways including tryptophan. Comparing HSi versus HSc and TNi revealed that combining the two stressors restored some normal cellular functions, e.g., oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis, and reduced the intensity of immune response associated with E. maxima infection. Tryptophan metabolism was upregulated, including genes that contribute to catabolizing tryptophan through serotonin and indole pathways; which might result in reducing the cytoplasmic pool of nutrients and calcium available for the parasite to scavenge and consequently might affect the parasite’s reproductive ability.

Dataset Information

Exploring the variations in intestinal microbial communities and metabolite profiles between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant chickens through a comprehensive multi-omics approach

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