Dataset Information

Silage-derived flavonoids reprogram rumen microbiota to improve milk fat synthesis via rumen-mammary gland axis

ABSTRACT:

Inoculation with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) effectively enhances the silage quality of forages. Moreover, feeding such LAB-inoculated silage modulates rumen microbiota composition and metabolites, thereby improving ruminant production performance. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism through which LAB inoculants regulate the silage–rumen–mammary gland axis remains unclear.

Inoculation with homofermentative Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BX62 improved the alfalfa silage quality. Dairy goats fed the BX62 group silage showed significantly higher milk fat content compared to the control group (no inoculation) (P < 0.05). Integrated analysis of silage microbial metabolomics and experimental validation revealed a significant increase in flavonoid content in the BX62 silage. This was attributed to microbial community restructuring and secretion of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), which facilitated plant cell wall degradation and flavonoid release. Rumen metagenomic assembly and binning indicated that feeding flavonoid-rich BX62 silage induced the proliferation of flavonoid-degrading microbes and reshaped the rumen microbiota, which resulted in the upregulation of CAZymes and energy metabolic pathways (e.g., ko00620 Pyruvate metabolism), and enhanced fiber degradation and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production in the rumen. Consequently, acetate-dependent milk fat synthesis was promoted in BX62 group goats as showed by the elevated expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) in mammary gland. Moreover, four milk fat-positively correlated bacteria species (Eggerthellaceae bacterium, Clostridioides difficile, Candidatus Limivicinus sp., and Collinsella aerofaciens) harboring flavonoid-degrading genes proliferated with elevated flavonoid concentrations in the rumen. In vitro trial further confirmed flavonoid degradation capability in both C. difficile and A. equolifaciens (family Eggerthellaceae), and dose-dependent growth promotion in A. equolifaciens. These results demonstrate that silage-derived flavonoids drive rumen microbiome remodeling and promote mammary lipogenesis through a silage-rumen microbiota-mammary gland triad mechanism.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS13648 | MetaboLights | 2026-01-10

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

ACCESS DATA

Dataset's files

Source:

			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS13648_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS13648_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS13648_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS13648_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

Items per page:

1 - 5 of 6

Similar Datasets

Project description:Inoculation with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) effectively enhances the silage quality of forages. Moreover, feeding such LAB-inoculated silage modulates rumen microbiota composition and metabolites, thereby improving ruminant production performance. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism through which LAB inoculants regulate the silage–rumen–mammary gland axis remains unclear.Inoculation with homofermentative Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BX62 improved the alfalfa silage quality. Dairy goats fed the BX62 group silage showed significantly higher milk fat content compared to the control group (no inoculation) (P < 0.05). Integrated analysis of silage microbial metabolomics and experimental validation revealed a significant increase in flavonoid content in the BX62 silage. This was attributed to microbial community restructuring and secretion of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), which facilitated plant cell wall degradation and flavonoid release. Rumen metagenomic assembly and binning indicated that feeding flavonoid-rich BX62 silage induced the proliferation of flavonoid-degrading microbes and reshaped the rumen microbiota, which resulted in the upregulation of CAZymes and energy metabolic pathways (e.g., ko00620 Pyruvate metabolism), and enhanced fiber degradation and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production in the rumen. Consequently, acetate-dependent milk fat synthesis was promoted in BX62 group goats as showed by the elevated expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) in mammary gland. Moreover, four milk fat-positively correlated bacteria species (Eggerthellaceae bacterium, Clostridioides difficile, Candidatus Limivicinus sp., and Collinsella aerofaciens) harboring flavonoid-degrading genes proliferated with elevated flavonoid concentrations in the rumen. In vitro trial further confirmed flavonoid degradation capability in both C. difficile and A. equolifaciens (family Eggerthellaceae), and dose-dependent growth promotion in A. equolifaciens. These results demonstrate that silage-derived flavonoids drive rumen microbiome remodeling and promote mammary lipogenesis through a silage-rumen microbiota-mammary gland triad mechanism.

Project description:Background: High-yield dairy cows are usually accompanied with lower milk fat (MF) rate, with huge variations in MF contents among individuals. The potential mechanisms of key microorganisms, their genes and metabolites participate in MF synthesis are still not well understood. By selecting 12 high-yielding (HIGH) and 12 low-yielding (LOW) cows from a large cohort of dairy cows, multi-omics technologies were applied to identify the hallmark microorganisms, metabolites, and metabolic pathways involved in MF synthesis.Results: The LOW and HIGH cows under the same feeding and management conditions exhibited considerable phenotypic, microbial, functional, and metabolomic differences. The LOW and HIGH cows underwent acetic and propionic ruminal fermentation, respectively, with greater molar proportion of acetate and butyrate in the LOW cows, providing greater precursors for short-chain fatty acids (FAs) synthesis in mammary gland. The HIGH cows had greater molar proportion of propionate in rumen and contents of long-chain FAs and odd-chain FAs (OCFAs) in milk. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the HIGH and LOW cows possessed Prevotella- and Ruminococcus-driven enterotypes, respectively, associated with significantly lower abundances of Methanobacteriota and Methanobrevibacter_A in HIGH than that of the LOW cows. Moreover, 13 carbohydrate and 3 lipid metabolism pathways were greatly enhanced in HIGH cows, accompanied with greater abundances of CAZymes encoding genes and critical enzymes involved in fiber degradation and propionate synthetization. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the free FAs, glycerophospholipids and oxidized lipids in ruminal fluid, and bile acids, glycerides, and glycerophospholipids in serum were greater in HIGH cows; however, the contents of carnitines, being ubiquitously detected in ruminal fluid, serum, and milk, were consistently greater in LOW cows, suggesting the capability of being used as biomarkers for predicting the lactation potentiality.Conclusions: The yield and MF composition between HIGH and LOW cows are microbiome-dependent, specifically greatly depend on the Prevotella- and Ruminococcus-driven enterotypes, respectively. The former enterotype is associated with higher milk efficiency and greater milk contents of OCFAs, which is more environmentally friend and healthier to human; whereas the later enterotype is characterized with greater methanogens and carnitines, which indicates a greater dietary energy loss and a poorer energy status of dairy cows.

Dataset Information

Silage-derived flavonoids reprogram rumen microbiota to improve milk fat synthesis via rumen-mammary gland axis

Dataset's files

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets