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Haplotype-specific expression of a terpene synthase underlies linalool variation in the grapevine cultivar Riesling

ABSTRACT: Grapevine cultivars vary widely in monoterpenoid content, yet the genetic and regulatory mechanisms underlying this variation remain poorly characterized beyond highly aromatic Muscat types. We profiled free volatiles and monoterpenoid glycosides in a Riesling × Cabernet Sauvignon F1 mapping population, revealing extensive variation and transgressive segregation consistent with multigenic control.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phase, Gas Chromatography MS - positive - high-polarity

PROVIDER: MTBLS14608 | MetaboLights | 2026-06-28

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS14608_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity-1.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS14608_GC-MS_positive_high-polarity.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS14608_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase-1.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS14608_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt

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Project description:Background: Grape cultivars and wines are distinguishable by their color, flavor and aroma profiles. Omic analyses (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) are powerful tools for assessing biochemical differences in biological systems. Results: Berry skins of red- (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir) and white-skinned (Chardonnay, Semillon) wine grapes were harvested near optimum maturity from the same experimental vineyard and Ë?Brix-to-titratable acidity ratio. Identical sample aliquots were analyzed for transcripts by grapevine whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray and RNA-seq technologies, proteins by nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Principal components analysis of each of five Omic technologies showed similar results across cultivars in all Omic datasets. Comparison of the processed data of genes mapped in RNA-seq and microarray data revealed a strong Pearson's correlation (0.80). The exclusion of probesets associated with genes with potential for cross-hybridization on the microarray improved the correlation to 0.93. The overall concordance of protein with transcript data was low with a Pearson's correlation of 0.27 and 0.24 for the RNA-seq and microarray data, respectively. Integration of metabolite with protein and transcript data produced an expected model of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which distinguished red from white grapes, yet provided detail of individual cultivar differences. Conclusions: The five Omic technologies were consistent in distinguishing cultivar variation. There was high concordance between transcriptomic technologies, but generally protein abundance did not correlate well with transcript abundance. The integration of multiple high-throughput Omic datasets revealed complex biochemical variation amongst five cultivars of an ancient and economically important crop species. Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Semillon berries were harvested from Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Road Vineyard, Reno, NV, USA. Whole-genome microarray analysis was used to assess the transcriptomic response of berry skins at harvest, approximately 24 Â°Brix (2011 vintage). Vines were grown under water deficit and well-watered conditions. At least two clusters harvested from non-adjacent vines were used for each of five experimental replicates.

Project description:Somatic embryogenesis (SE), a morphogenic process that takes advantage of the regenerative potential of plants to replicate whole plants starting from somatic explants, can be a source of variation with potential applications in plant breeding. It is one of the most suitable tools to apply functional genomics studies and genetic improvement in plants. However, beyond a few pioneering works mainly focused on model plants, the molecular characterization of SE mechanisms is still elusive, especially for woody species. In grapevine, this process is affected by many factors such as explant type, culture conditions and, most importantly, genotype. Many cultivars, in fact, have shown recalcitrance to tissue culture and transformation, and very low SE competence. Thus, the understanding of SE competence behind the regenerative aptitude is fundamental to the widespread application of the so-called “next-generation breeding techniques”, such as cisgenesis and genome editing, in grapevine. Here, we explored genetic and epigenetic features of the SE process in grapevine by investigating the behavior of two genotypes showing opposite SE competence. Embryogenic tissues were induced from immature stamens excised from field-collected flower clusters of Sangiovese (highly competent for embryogenesis) and Cabernet Sauvignon (poorly competent for embryogenesis). A multilayered approach was used to profile mRNA, smallRNAs and methylated DNA with high-throughput sequencing technologies in the initial explants, on undifferentiated calli induced after 40 days of culture, and in embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli after 3 months of culture. A comprehensive comparison of transcriptomes of the different types of calli with the grapevine gene expression atlas revealed that, in grapevine, the dedifferentiation to the callus formation during the embryogenesis process occurs via a ‘berry’ developmental pathway. This is dissimilar from that shown in Arabidopsis, in which dedifferentiated calli are more similar to the tip of a root meristem. Interestingly, a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that secondary metabolism and gene expression regulation/epigenetics are the enriched functional categories of genes differentially down- and up-regulated in embryogenic vs non-embryogenic calli, respectively. These results prompted us to define the epigenetic landscape dynamics during SE in grapevine, revealing a significant increase in DNA methylation, especially in intergenic regions, in the embryogenic calli tissues. Finally, we proposed potential key regulators of SE in different genotypes that could represent putative targets of next-generation breeding techniques in grapevine.

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Haplotype-specific expression of a terpene synthase underlies linalool variation in the grapevine cultivar Riesling

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