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Discovery of pseudobaptigenin synthase in fungal-infected Trifolium pratense roots

ABSTRACT:

Isoflavonoids, and their pterocarpan derivatives, are important phytoalexin defense molecules in legumes (Fabaceae). They are commonly associated with antimicrobial activity and thought to be synthesized de novo or accumulated in response to microbial pathogens. Comparative metabolomics of Fusarium oxysporum or Phoma medicaginis-infected red clover roots reveals dynamic regulation of isoflavonoid metabolic flux. Using both a targeted (authentic standards) and untargeted (MS/MS of unknown features) approach, we identified over 40 putative (iso)flavonoid structures, including the highly abundant O-methylated isoflavones (formononetin and biochanin A), many glucosyl- and malonyl-derivatives, and various pterocarpan species.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS -

PROVIDER: MTBLS14741 | MetaboLights | 2026-06-11

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS14741_LC-MS___metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS14741_LC-MS___metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	s_MTBLS14741.txt	Txt

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Ethylene signaling is important for isoflavonoid mediated resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in roots of Medicago truncatula

Project description:The root-infecting necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani causes significant disease to all the world’s major food crops. As a model for pathogenesis of legumes we have examined the interaction of R. solani AG8 with Medicago truncatula. RNAseq analysis of the moderately resistant M. truncatula accession A17 and highly susceptible sickle (skl) mutant (defective in ethylene sensing) identified major transcriptional reprogramming early in A17. Responses specific to A17 included components of ethylene signalling, numerous class IX ERF transcription factor family members, reactive oxygen species metabolism and consistent up-regulation of the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Mass-spectrometry revealed accumulation of the isoflavonoid related compounds liquiritigenin, formononetin, medicarpin and biochanin A in A17. Over-expression of an isoflavone synthase (IFS) in M. truncatula roots increased isoflavonoid accumulation and resistance to R. solani. Addition of exogenous medicarpin suggested this phytoalexin may be one of several isoflavonoids required to contribute to resistance to R. solani. Together these results provide evidence for the role of ethylene-mediated accumulation of isoflavonoids during defence against root pathogens in legumes.

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