Dataset Information

Biomonitoring of mycotoxins and exposomics-informed profiling in extreme preterm infants from the NeoVIP cohort

ABSTRACT:

Extremely premature infants are a highly vulnerable patient group that might be exposed to a vast number of dietary and environmental contaminants, which may impact their health trajectories. This study assessed xenobiotic exposures in 26 extremely premature infants, with a special focus on dietary mycotoxins, using a dual analytical approach combining four sensitive, targeted LC-MS/MS methods and one non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) assay. A total of 187 matched biological samples comprising breast milk (n=35), plasma (n=48), urine (n=52), and stool (n=52) collected at 7 and 28 days post-partum were subjected to mycotoxin analysis by quantitative LC-MS/MS. In addition, the LC-HRMS workflow using data-dependent MS2 acquisition was applied to a small subset of 20 selected plasma samples to provide first insights into a broader chemical exposure characterization through suspect screening and non-targeted analysis (NTA). The targeted analyses revealed that most mycotoxin exposure biomarkers were absent in the samples. However, ochratoxin A was quantified in all breast milk and plasma samples (median values of 43 ng/L and 135 ng/L) and in 27% of urine samples (median: 20 ng/L). Citrinin was detected in 34% of breast milk and 6% of stool samples (median values of 10 ng/L and 2.5 ng/g). Alternariol monomethyl ether was detected in 94% of breast milk, 12% of stool, and 31% of tested urine specimens (median values of 1.2 ng/L, 1.2 ng/g, and 12 ng/L). In the non-targeted analysis, 356 features were annotated with confidence Levels 2a, 2b, and 3, while 20 compounds were identified at Level 1 with authentic reference standards. This included key toxicants like per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS), bisphenol A, cotinine, and phthalates. Albeit a small cohort, this study demonstrated that extremely premature infants were exposed to a mixture of dietary, environmental, and lifestyle-related exposures. While many of the analyzed mycotoxins, including the carcinogenic aflatoxins, were not detected and indicated low overall mycotoxin exposure, plastics- and industry-related chemicals were detected at comparatively high levels, warranting further investigation into their potential health implications.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS14832 | MetaboLights | 2026-06-23

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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			Action	DRS
	a_MTBLS14832_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	a_MTBLS14832_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling.txt	Txt
	i_Investigation.txt	Txt
	m_MTBLS14832_LC-MS_negative_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular
	m_MTBLS14832_LC-MS_positive_reverse-phase_metabolite_profiling_v2_maf.tsv	Tabular

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Project description:<p>Early-life exposure to natural and synthetic chemicals can impact acute and chronic health conditions. Here, a suspect screening workflow anchored on high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to elucidate xenobiotics in breast milk and matching stool samples collected from Nigerian mother-infant pairs (n = 11) at three time points. Potential correlations between xenobiotic exposure and the developing gut microbiome, as determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, were subsequently explored. Overall, 12,192 and 16,461 features were acquired in the breast milk and stool samples, respectively. Following quality control and suspect screening, 562 and 864 features remained, respectively, with 149 of these features present in both matrices. Taking advantage of 242 authentic reference standards measured for confirmatory purposes of food bio-actives and toxicants, 34 features in breast milk and 68 features in stool were identified and semi-quantified. Moreover, 51 and 78 features were annotated with spectral library matching, as well as 416 and 652 by in silico fragmentation tools in breast milk and stool, respectively. The analytical workflow proved its versatility to simultaneously determine a diverse panel of chemical classes including mycotoxins, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), antibiotics, plasticizers, perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS), and pesticides, although it was originally optimized for polyphenols. Spearman rank correlation of the identified features revealed significant correlations between chemicals of the same classification such as polyphenols. One-way ANOVA and differential abundance analysis of the data obtained from stool samples revealed that molecules of plant-based origin elevated as complementary foods were introduced to the infants’ diets. Annotated compounds in the stool, such as tricetin, positively correlated with the genus Blautia. Moreover, vulgaxanthin negatively correlated with <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em>. Despite the limited sample size, this exploratory study provides high-quality exposure data of matched biospecimens obtained from mother-infant pairs in sub-Saharan Africa and shows potential correlations between the chemical exposome and the gut microbiome.</p>

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Biomonitoring of mycotoxins and exposomics-informed profiling in extreme preterm infants from the NeoVIP cohort

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