Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals insulin-induced metabolic adaptation of Hu sheep skeletal muscle satellite cells: inhibiting proliferation while promoting myogenesis

ABSTRACT:

Background Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) possess bidirectional differentiation potential and are potential targets for improving meat quality in animal production. However, SMSCs do not spontaneously undergo adipogenesis, and insulin is a classic adipogenic inducer that also affects myogenesis. In this study, SMSCs were isolated from the longissimus dorsi muscle of 1-day-old Hu sheep, cultured, identified, and induced to differentiate with insulin. Samples were collected before adipogenic induction (No_AD) and after adipogenic induction (AD) for proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis.

Results Proteomic analysis revealed that insulin-treated cells exhibited a protein expression profile characterized by inhibited proliferation and promoted myogenesis, accompanied by changes in membrane-associated lipids (PE, Cer). Integrated multi-omics analysis indicated that the sphingolipid metabolism pathway was significantly enriched in both the proteome and metabolome, and its regulation was primarily at the protein level. Differentially expressed genes common to both the proteome and transcriptome were significantly enriched in muscle structure maintenance and cell cycle regulation. Molecules identified through gene-metabolite correlation loading plots and correlation coefficients collectively suggested that membrane fusion and cell proliferation were inhibited and this proliferation inhibition may be attributed to cell cycle arrest at the S phase.

Conclusions In conclusion, under induction with insulin, Hu sheep SMSCs exhibit a metabolic adaptive state characterized by 'inhibited proliferation and promoted myogenesis', providing a theoretical basis for understanding the metabolic adaptability of satellite cells and utilizing their bidirectional differentiation potential to improve meat quality.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS15376 | MetaboLights | 2026-10-27

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights