Camel milk exosomes alleviate high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and are associated with remodeling of the gut microbiota and hepatic metabolome

ABSTRACT: Camel milk-derived exosomes (CM-exos) are bioactive, yet their role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unknown. We evaluated oral CM-exos in high-fat diet-induced MASLD mice, assessing metabolic parameters, gut microbiota, colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and hepatic metabolome. CM-exos significantly lowered serum triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic steatosis. These benefits coincided with partially restored gut dysbiosis: increased Bacteroides and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, decreased Escherichia-Shigella and Mucispirillum, and elevated colonic SCFAs (especially branched-chain fatty acids). Liver metabolomics identified 35 potential biomarkers reverting toward normal and highlighted modulation of taurine/hypotaurine metabolism and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Correlation analyses linked Bacteroides and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group to improved metabolic indicators. Thus, CM-exos alleviate MASLD, likely via gut microbiota–liver metabolic remodeling.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - reverse-phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse-phase

PROVIDER: MTBLS16168 | MetaboLights | 2026-10-27

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights