From grape berries to wines: drought impacts on key secondary metabolites
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: AIM: We aimed to study the impact of water deficit on the concentration of key flavour and phenolic secondary metabolites of wines. METHODS AND RESULTS: A drought-stress field trial was conducted on Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot and Tocai Friulano for two seasons. Fully irrigated (C) and deficit irrigated (D) grapes were microvinified and the resulting wines were analysed to determine the concentrations of anthocyanins, tannins, and free and glycosidically-bound Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). A descriptive sensory test was undertaken on the same wines. Water stressed grapes produced wines with higher concentrations of anthocyanins in Merlot and of free and glycosidically-bound monoterpenes in Tocai Friulano. Both cultivars displayed higher amounts of glycosidically-bound C13-norisoprenoids. CONCLUSIONS: Previously observed drought-induced compositional changes to the grapes were transfered to the wines, with an increase in polyphenols and VOCs. However, the timing and the duration of the water stress in the field only heavily impacted the final wine composition with major metabolic modification when the severe water deficit started early (at approximately 40 days after anthesis) and lasted over the entire season until harvest. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study highlights the positive role of a controlled water deficit on the composition of the wines in terms of secondary metabolites.
INSTRUMENT(S): Gas Chromatography MS - positive
SUBMITTER: Stefania Savoi
PROVIDER: MTBLS2330 | MetaboLights | 2021-08-13
REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights
Similar Datasets
Project description:<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Secondary metabolism contributes to the adaptation of a plant to its environment. In wine grapes, fruit secondary metabolism largely determines wine quality. Climate change is predicted to exacerbate drought events in several viticultural areas, potentially affecting the wine quality. In red grapes, water deficit modulates flavonoid accumulation, leading to major quantitative and compositional changes in the profile of the anthocyanin pigments; in white grapes, the effect of water deficit on secondary metabolism is still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> In this study we investigated the impact of water deficit on the secondary metabolism of white grapes using a large scale metabolite and transcript profiling approach in a season characterized by prolonged drought. Irrigated grapevines were compared to non-irrigated grapevines that suffered from water deficit from early stages of berry development to harvest. A large effect of water deficit on fruit secondary metabolism was observed. Increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes, and tocopherols were detected, while carotenoid and flavonoid accumulations were differentially modulated by water deficit according to the berry developmental stage. The RNA-sequencing analysis carried out on berries collected at three developmental stages-before, at the onset, and at late ripening-indicated that water deficit affected the expression of 4,889 genes. The Gene Ontology category secondary metabolic process was overrepresented within up-regulated genes at all the stages of fruit development considered, and within down-regulated genes before ripening. 18 phenylpropanoid, 16 flavonoid, 9 carotenoid, and 16 terpenoid structural genes were modulated by water deficit, indicating the transcriptional regulation of these metabolic pathways in fruit exposed to water deficit. An integrated network and promoter analyses identified a transcriptional regulatory module that encompasses terpenoid genes, transcription factors, and enriched drought-responsive elements in the promoter regions of those genes as part of the grapes response to drought.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Our study reveals that grapevine berries respond to drought by modulating several secondary metabolic pathways, and particularly, by stimulating the production of phenylpropanoids, the carotenoid zeaxanthin, and of volatile organic compounds such as monoterpenes, with potential effects on grape and wine antioxidant potential, composition, and sensory features.</p><p><br></p><p><strong>UPLC-MS/MS assay of Phenolics</strong> is reported in the current study <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS897' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS897</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>SPME-GC-MS assay of Volatile organic compounds</strong> is reported in <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS892' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS892</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>UPLC-DAD assay of Carotenoids</strong> is reported in <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS889' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS889</strong></a>.</p>
2019-04-07 | MTBLS897 | MetaboLights
Project description:<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Secondary metabolism contributes to the adaptation of a plant to its environment. In wine grapes, fruit secondary metabolism largely determines wine quality. Climate change is predicted to exacerbate drought events in several viticultural areas, potentially affecting the wine quality. In red grapes, water deficit modulates flavonoid accumulation, leading to major quantitative and compositional changes in the profile of the anthocyanin pigments; in white grapes, the effect of water deficit on secondary metabolism is still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> In this study we investigated the impact of water deficit on the secondary metabolism of white grapes using a large scale metabolite and transcript profiling approach in a season characterized by prolonged drought. Irrigated grapevines were compared to non-irrigated grapevines that suffered from water deficit from early stages of berry development to harvest. A large effect of water deficit on fruit secondary metabolism was observed. Increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes, and tocopherols were detected, while carotenoid and flavonoid accumulations were differentially modulated by water deficit according to the berry developmental stage. The RNA-sequencing analysis carried out on berries collected at three developmental stages-before, at the onset, and at late ripening-indicated that water deficit affected the expression of 4,889 genes. The Gene Ontology category secondary metabolic process was overrepresented within up-regulated genes at all the stages of fruit development considered, and within down-regulated genes before ripening. 18 phenylpropanoid, 16 flavonoid, 9 carotenoid, and 16 terpenoid structural genes were modulated by water deficit, indicating the transcriptional regulation of these metabolic pathways in fruit exposed to water deficit. An integrated network and promoter analyses identified a transcriptional regulatory module that encompasses terpenoid genes, transcription factors, and enriched drought-responsive elements in the promoter regions of those genes as part of the grapes response to drought.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Our study reveals that grapevine berries respond to drought by modulating several secondary metabolic pathways, and particularly, by stimulating the production of phenylpropanoids, the carotenoid zeaxanthin, and of volatile organic compounds such as monoterpenes, with potential effects on grape and wine antioxidant potential, composition, and sensory features.</p><p><br></p><p><strong>SPME-GC-MS assay of Volatile organic compounds</strong> is reported in the current study <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS892' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS892</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>UPLC-DAD assay of Carotenoids</strong> is reported in <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS889' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS889</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>UPLC-MS/MS assay of Phenolics</strong> is reported in <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS897' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS897</strong></a>.</p>
2021-08-16 | MTBLS892 | MetaboLights
Project description:<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Secondary metabolism contributes to the adaptation of a plant to its environment. In wine grapes, fruit secondary metabolism largely determines wine quality. Climate change is predicted to exacerbate drought events in several viticultural areas, potentially affecting the wine quality. In red grapes, water deficit modulates flavonoid accumulation, leading to major quantitative and compositional changes in the profile of the anthocyanin pigments; in white grapes, the effect of water deficit on secondary metabolism is still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> In this study we investigated the impact of water deficit on the secondary metabolism of white grapes using a large scale metabolite and transcript profiling approach in a season characterized by prolonged drought. Irrigated grapevines were compared to non-irrigated grapevines that suffered from water deficit from early stages of berry development to harvest. A large effect of water deficit on fruit secondary metabolism was observed. Increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes, and tocopherols were detected, while carotenoid and flavonoid accumulations were differentially modulated by water deficit according to the berry developmental stage. The RNA-sequencing analysis carried out on berries collected at three developmental stages-before, at the onset, and at late ripening-indicated that water deficit affected the expression of 4,889 genes. The Gene Ontology category secondary metabolic process was overrepresented within up-regulated genes at all the stages of fruit development considered, and within down-regulated genes before ripening. 18 phenylpropanoid, 16 flavonoid, 9 carotenoid, and 16 terpenoid structural genes were modulated by water deficit, indicating the transcriptional regulation of these metabolic pathways in fruit exposed to water deficit. An integrated network and promoter analyses identified a transcriptional regulatory module that encompasses terpenoid genes, transcription factors, and enriched drought-responsive elements in the promoter regions of those genes as part of the grapes response to drought.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Our study reveals that grapevine berries respond to drought by modulating several secondary metabolic pathways, and particularly, by stimulating the production of phenylpropanoids, the carotenoid zeaxanthin, and of volatile organic compounds such as monoterpenes, with potential effects on grape and wine antioxidant potential, composition, and sensory features.</p><p><br></p><p><strong>UPLC-DAD assay of Carotenoids</strong> is reported in the current study <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS889' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS889</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>SPME-GC-MS assay of Volatile organic compounds</strong> is reported in <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS892' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS892</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>UPLC-MS/MS assay of Phenolics</strong> is reported in <a href='https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS897' rel='noopener noreferrer' target='_blank'><strong>MTBLS897</strong></a>.</p>
2021-08-16 | MTBLS889 | MetaboLights
Project description:Cuttings from Razegui cultivar were cultivated in sand for 2 months according to the method we have described previously (Azri et al. 2020). Then grapevine plantlets were further grown in pots containing sand/peat mixture (2/1, v/v), in a controlled greenhouse (16 h light/8 h dark at PAR 300 μmol m-2 s-1 photoperiod, 24 °C day/20 °C night temperature and 65-75% relative humidity). They were watered daily with tap water and supplemented once a week with 100 mL of Gibeaut’s nutrient solution (Gibeaut et al. 1997). Drought stress was applied according to our previously described procedure (Azri et al. 2020): plants with 10-15 leaves were either irrigated daily with water (control) or non-irrigated at all (water deficit). After 4 time points (day 0, 4, 8 and 16) of water deficit, the 4th fully-developed leaf was harvested and used for physiological analyses. Three independent biological experiments were performed consisting each in 2 treatments (control and water deficit) and 3 plants per time point and treatment. Proteomic analysis was performed on the 5th fully developed leaves at the time point 16 days of drought treatment. Irrigated and non-irrigated leaves were harvested immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored at - 80 °C until analysis. Three biological replicates were carried out for each treatment.
2021-08-06 | PXD027073 | Pride
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2013-02-12 | GSE44213 | GEO
Project description:Pierce's disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated grapes. To test the long-standing hypothesis that Pierce's disease results from pathogen-induced drought stress, we used the Affymetrix Vitis GeneChip to compare the transcriptional response of Vitis vinifera to Xylella infection, water deficit, or a combination of the two stresses. The results reveal a massive redirection of gene transcription involving 822 genes with a minimum 2-fold change (p<0.05), including the upregulation of transcripts for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, absisic acid (ABA)/jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive transcripts, and down-regulation of transcripts related to photosynthesis, growth and nutrition. Although the transcriptional response of plants to Xylella infection was largely distinct from the response of healthy plants to water stress, we find that 138 of the pathogen-induced genes exhibited a significantly stronger transcriptional response when plants were simultaneously exposed to infection and drought stress, suggesting a strong interaction between disease and water deficit. This interaction between drought stress and disease was mirrored in planta at the physiological level for aspects of water relations and photosynthesis, and in terms of the severity of disease symptoms and the extent of pathogen colonization, providing a molecular correlation of the classical concept of the disease triangle where environment impacts disease severity. Mature leaves were sampled from 2-year old V. vinifera cv. Cabernet sauvignon clone 8 vines 4 and 8 weeks post-mock or inoculation with Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease). Vines were grown in growth chambers under non-water limiting and water limiting conditions (moderate and severe water stress)
2013-02-12 | E-GEOD-44213 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Structural and functional approaches were used to study cotton (Gossypium) genes implicated in water-deficit stress. A genetic map representing the hypothetical ancestral diploid genome (Consensus Map) was used to map 1,907 of 15,784 tentative consensus sequences (TCs). These TCs represent 25,119 cotton ESTs derived from various tissues under irrigated and water-limited condition. The correspondence of mapped TCs and 42 stress-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed that 391 of the initial 1907 TCs co-localized within a QTL interval. About 31% of these TCs were annotated as genes involved in plant responses to abiotic stress. By comparison, only 18% of the total annotated TCs mapped on the Consensus map were classified as abiotic stress genes. The enrichment of stress-related TCs that map to stress-related QTLs could not be explained by chance (P = 1.5 x 10-7). Gene expression profiling experiments were carried out using a microarray composed of 12,006 oligonucleotides. Transcriptional responses to imposed water-deficit stress in root and leaf tissue of 8-week old cotton plants revealed 1401 transcripts identified as drought responsive. A total of 158 (84 drought-induced and 74 drought-repressed) genes were mapped, of which 22 (8 induced and 14 repressed) genes co-localized with a QTL. A total of 539 unique genes were identified in the drought-stressed libraries. However, only 91 of these genes are contained on the array. Of these genes, 12 showed significant changes in transcript abundance between stressed and irrigated leaf and root. Forty-five candidate genes implicated in drought-stress response at some level of characterization were identified. Keywords: stress response
2007-10-03 | GSE8719 | GEO
Project description:Potted Cabernet Sauvignon vines in the greenhouse were exposed to irrigated controls, non-irrigated water-deficits, and saline treatments for 16 days. Plant shoot tips were harvested every 4 days (0,4,8,12, and 16 days) to measure the progression of changes of global gene expression due to the stress. PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Grant Cramer. The equivalent experiment is VV2 at PLEXdb. time: Day 0 - stress: Control(3-replications); time: Day 4 - stress: Control(3-replications); time: Day 4 - stress: Water-Deficit(3-replications); time: Day 4 - stress: Salinity(3-replications); time: Day 8 - stress: Control(3-replications); time: Day 8 - stress: Water-Deficit(3-replications); time: Day 8 - stress: Salinity(3-replications); time: Day 12 - stress: Control(3-replications); time: Day 12 - stress: Water-Deficit(3-replications); time: Day 12 - stress: Salinity(3-replications); time: Day 16 - stress: Control(3-replications); time: Day 16 - stress: Water-Deficit(3-replications); time: Day 16 - stress: Salinity(3-replications)
2011-08-25 | E-GEOD-31677 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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2021-11-05 | GSE187416 | GEO
Project description:affy_rewatering_poplar - rewatering - Biological question (15 lines max): Xylogenesis is a complex process and is highly influenced by environmental factors. Numerous studies have shown xylem structural acclimation to moderate and long-lasting water deficits. A decrease in cell lumen size and an increase in vessel density are generally observed. Other preliminary experiments in our laboratory focusing on a short and progressive drought-rewatering cycle in poplar show a gradual decrease in fibre size with decreasing water availability and an important rise in vessel number with irrigation recovery. This suggests a reorientation during the early stages of cambial derivatives differentiation towards vessel formation. The aim of this study is to characterize global gene expression in young differentiating xylem of poplar in response to a drought-rewatering cycle. Results should provide a comprehensive genomic basis for the xylem structural modifications observed.-The experimental design consisted in a differential water supply. Experiments were done on tilted trees to induce tension wood formation. Trees were regularly irrigated at full capacitance until July 18, 2007, the beginning of the experiment. Two sets of plants were designed. For each set, irrigation was withheld until July 25, 2007. At this time, one of the two sets (treated-sample) was re-irrigated at full capacitance during 14hrs (WDR) while the other one was maintained under water deficit (WD). Samples were collected after the 14hrs for all trees. Keywords: treated vs untreated comparison
2010-06-03 | GSE20061 | GEO