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Field study of the fire blight resistant cisgenic apple line C44.4.146

ABSTRACT:

Cisgenesis, the genetic modification of a plant with genes from a sexually compatible plant, was used to confer fire blight resistance to the cultivar 'Gala Galaxy' by amendment of the resistance gene FB_MR5, resulting in the line C44.4146. To verify whether cisgenesis changed other tree-, flower-, or fruit-related traits, a 5-year field trial was conducted with trees of C44.4.146 and multiple control cultivars, including members of the 'Gala' sports group. None of the 44 investigated tree-, flower-, or fruit-related traits significantly differed between C44.4.146 and at least one of the control cultivars in all observation years. However, fruits of C44.4.146 and its wild-type 'Gala Galaxy' from tissue culture were paler in color than fruits of 'Gala Galaxy' that had not undergone tissue culture. The abundance of no metabolite in the fruit flesh and peel of C44.4.146 was consistently significantly different from the control genotypes in both observation years. Finally, the disease resistance of C44.4.146 was confirmed also when the fire blight pathogen was inoculated through the flowers. We conclude that the use of cisgenesis to confer fire blight resistance to 'Gala Galaxy' in C44.4.146 did not have unintended effects and that the in vitro establishment of 'Gala Galaxy' had a greater effect on C44.4.146 properties than its cisgenic generation.

INSTRUMENT(S): Liquid Chromatography MS - positive - reverse phase, Liquid Chromatography MS - negative - hilic

SUBMITTER: Sebastian Streb

PROVIDER: MTBLS5810 | MetaboLights | 2022-12-19

REPOSITORIES: MetaboLights

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Project description:Five rootstock cultivars of differing vigor: vigorous (Atlas and Brights Hybrid 5), standard (Krymsk 86 and Lovell) and dwarfing (Krymsk 1) with Redhaven as scion were studied for their impact on internal fruit quality and maturity. Five years of data showed that average yield (kg per tree) and fruit count increased significantly with increasing vigor (trunk cross sectional area, TCSA), however, no difference was observed in fruit size across rootstocks. In 2019, a detailed peach fruit quality analysis on fruit of equal maturity (based on index of absorbance difference, IAD) coming from trees with equal crop load (no. of fruit cm-2 of TCSA) characterized the direct impact of rootstock vigor on peach internal quality. Twenty-five fruits from each rootstock were assessed for maturity [IAD and flesh firmness (FF)] and internal quality [dry matter content (DMC) and soluble solids concentration (SSC)]. Physiologically characterized peach fruit mesocarp was further analyzed by non-targeted metabolite profiling using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To account for differences in light availability created by the varying levels of vigor, and its influence on the developing fruits internal quality, mid-canopy photosynthetic active radiation transmission (i.e., light availability) was collected across genotypes with a line quantum sensor. DMC and SSC increased significantly with decreasing vigor and increasing light availability, potentially due to reduced intra-tree shading and better light distribution within the canopy. Metabolite distribution was associated with rootstock vigor class, mid-canopy light availability and fruit quality characteristics. Fructose, glucose, sorbose, neochlorogenic and quinic acids, catechin and sorbitol were associated with high light environments and enhanced quality traits, while sucrose, butanoic and malic acids related to low light conditions and inferior fruit quality. These outcomes show that while rootstock genotype and vigor are influencing peach tree productivity and yield, their effect on manipulating the light environment within the canopy also plays a significant role in fruit quality development.

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Field study of the fire blight resistant cisgenic apple line C44.4.146

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