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Defining the mammalian coactivation of hepatic 12-hour clock and lipid metabolism

ABSTRACT: The 12-hour clock coordinates lipid homeostasis, energy metabolism and stress rhythms via the transcriptional regulator XBP1. However, the biochemical and physiological basis for integrated control of the 12-hour clock and diverse metabolic pathways remains unclear. Here, we show that steroid receptor coactivator SRC-3 coactivates XBP1 transcription and regulates hepatic 12-hour cistrome and gene rhythmicity. Mice lacking SRC-3 show abnormal 12-hour rhythms in hepatic transcription, metabolic functions, systemic energetics, and rate-limiting lipid metabolic processes including triglyceride, phospholipid and cardiolipin pathways. Notably, 12-hour clock coactivation is not only preserved, with its cistromic activation priming ahead of the zeitgeber cue of light, but concomitant with rhythmic remodeling in the absence of food. These findings reveal that SRC-3 integrates the mammalian 12-hour clock, energy metabolism, and membrane and lipid homeostasis, and demonstrates a role for the 12-hour clock machinery as an active transcriptional mechanism in anticipating physiological and metabolic energy needs and stresses.

ORGANISM(S): Mouse Mus Musculus

TISSUE(S): Liver

SUBMITTER: Huan Meng

PROVIDER: ST002079 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Fri Feb 04 00:00:00 GMT 2022

REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench

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Project description:Over the past decade, genome-wide assays have underscored the broad sweep of circadian gene expression. A substantial fraction of the transcriptome undergoes oscillations in many organisms and tissues, which governs the many biochemical, physiological and behavioral functions under circadian control. Based predominantly on the transcription feedback loops important for core circadian timekeeping, it is commonly assumed that this widespread mRNA cycling reflects circadian transcriptional cycling. To address this issue, we directly measured dynamic changes in mouse liver transcription using Nascent-Seq. Many genes are rhythmically transcribed over the 24h day, which include precursors of several non-coding RNAs as well as the expected set of core clock genes. Surprisingly however, nascent RNA rhythms overlap poorly with mRNA abundance rhythms assayed by RNA-seq. This is because most mouse liver genes with rhythmic mRNA expression manifest poor transcriptional rhythms, indicating a prominent role of post-transcriptional regulation in setting mRNA cycling amplitude. To gain further insight into circadian transcriptional regulation, we also characterized the rhythmic transcription of liver genes targeted by the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1; they directly target other core clock genes and sit at the top of the molecular circadian clock hierarchy in mammals. CLK:BMAL1 rhythmically bind at the same discrete phase of the circadian cycle to all target genes, which not surprisingly have a much higher percentage of rhythmic transcription than the genome as a whole. However, there is a surprisingly heterogeneous set of cycling transcription phases of direct target genes, which even include core clock genes. This indicates a disconnect between rhythmic DNA binding and the peak of transcription, which is likely due to other transcription factors that collaborate with CLK:BMAL1. In summary, the application of Nascent-Seq to a mammalian tissue provides surprising insights into the rhythmic control of gene expression and should have broad applications beyond the analysis of circadian rhythms. CLK and BMAL1 DNA binding profile in the mouse liver at ZT8, sequenced along an Input sample using GAII (ChIP-Seq) Supplementary file ChIPSeq_Mouse_Liver_Processed_data_Table1.txt represents annotated CLK and BMAL1 peaks.

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Defining the mammalian coactivation of hepatic 12-hour clock and lipid metabolism

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