Blastophaga
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REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:A striking property of the ancient and obligate mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps is that fig wasps consistently oviposit in the inner flowers of the fig syconium (gall flowers, which develop into galls that house developing larvae), but typically do not use the outer ring of flowers (seed flowers, which develop into seeds). To better understand differences between gall and seed flowers that might influence oviposition choices, and the unknown mechanisms underlying gall formation, we used a metatranscriptomic approach to analyze eukaryotic gene expression within fig flowers at the time of oviposition choice and early gall development. Consistent with the unbeatable seed hypothesis, which posits that only a portion of fig flowers are physiologically capable of responding to gall induction or supporting larval development, we found significant differences in gene expression assigned to defense and metabolism between gall- and seed flowers in receptive syconia. Transcripts assigned to flavonoids and defense were especially prevalent in receptive gall flowers, and carbohydrate metabolism was significantly up-regulated relative to seed flowers. In turn, high expression of the venom gene icarapin during wasp embryogenesis within galled flowers distinguishes it as a candidate gene for gall initiation. In response to galling, the fig significantly up-regulates the expression of chalcone synthase, which previously has been connected to gall formation in other plants. This study simultaneously evaluates the gene expression profile of both mutualistic partners in a plant-insect mutualism and provides evidence for a stability mechanism in the ancient fig-fig wasp association.
2015-03-05 | GSE55700 | GEO
Project description:A striking property of the ancient and obligate mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps is that fig wasps consistently oviposit in the inner flowers of the fig syconium (gall flowers, which develop into galls that house developing larvae), but typically do not use the outer ring of flowers (seed flowers, which develop into seeds). To better understand differences between gall and seed flowers that might influence oviposition choices, and the unknown mechanisms underlying gall formation, we used a metatranscriptomic approach to analyze eukaryotic gene expression within fig flowers at the time of oviposition choice and early gall development. Consistent with the unbeatable seed hypothesis, which posits that only a portion of fig flowers are physiologically capable of responding to gall induction or supporting larval development, we found significant differences in gene expression assigned to defense and metabolism between gall- and seed flowers in receptive syconia. Transcripts assigned to flavonoids and defense were especially prevalent in receptive gall flowers, and carbohydrate metabolism was significantly up-regulated relative to seed flowers. In turn, high expression of the venom gene icarapin during wasp embryogenesis within galled flowers distinguishes it as a candidate gene for gall initiation. In response to galling, the fig significantly up-regulates the expression of chalcone synthase, which previously has been connected to gall formation in other plants. This study simultaneously evaluates the gene expression profile of both mutualistic partners in a plant-insect mutualism and provides evidence for a stability mechanism in the ancient fig-fig wasp association. We examined two different Ficus flower types at two different time points. Each sample contained a pool of hundreds of individual flowers from multiple sycomia.
2015-03-05 | E-GEOD-55700 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investigate a role of nuclear WASp in T cell development we performed WASp chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) in thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells. To pre-process raw ChIP-Seq data, the total number of reads were normalized and aligned against the mouse genome. WASp was enriched at transcription start sites of a large number of protein-coding genes. Many of the WASp-enriched genes were associated with RNA Polymerase II-enriched genes and active epigenetic marks of transcription; H3K4m3, H3K9a, H3K27a, and with the epigenetic mark for active enhancers H3K4m1. To study the distribution of overactive WASpI296T in the thymocyte genome and to identify regions enriched in WASpI296T binding, we performed second round of ChIP-Seq analysis using the WASp F-8 antibody. To detect differences in gene enrichment between thymocytes expressing wildtype WASp or WASpI296T, we applied stringent conditions and subtracted common genes between the two samples. Using this approach, we identify 70 WASpI296T-enriched genes. Functional clustering of these genes revealed that WASpI296T was associated with RNA Polymerase II genes in 11 functional groups of genes.thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells. WASp was enriched at transcription start sites of a large number of protein-coding genes.
2017-10-05 | GSE89172 | GEO
Project description:We aimed at characterizing the diverse hemocyte populations present in the hemolymph of the Drosophila larvae. The hemocytes were collected from wandering larvae infested by wasp (WI) or not infested (NI). The hemocytes were then sequenced using 10x genomics technology.
2020-03-12 | E-MTAB-8698 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Anolis carolinensis population genomics using whole genome re-sequencing data
| PRJNA376071 | ENA
Project description:Highly specific amplification of complex DNA pools without bias or template-independent products (TIPs) remains a challenge. We have developed a procedure using phi29 DNA polymerase and trehalose and optimized control of amplification to create micrograms of specific amplicons without TIPs from down to sub-femtograms of DNA. The amplicons from 5 ng and 0.5 ng DNA, which were from originally good quality of gDNA (05-050), or partially degraded gDNA (04-018), faithfully demonstrated all previously known heterozygous segmental duplications and deletions (3 Mb to 18 kb) located on chromosome 22 and even a homozygous deletion smaller than 1 kb with high resolution chromosome-wide CGH. Specifically, HR-CGH with 5 ng-input gDNA-derived amplicon detected all previously known chromosomal segmental aberrations in chromosome 22 in samples from two different probands, and was indistinguishable from the HR-CGH result with native gDNA from the same probands (Fig. 4, Fig. S3 and S4). The break points were also precisely demonstrated. These include a heterozygous genomic segmental duplication (3 copies, 3 Mb in size, sample 05-050, Fig. 4) and 2 different heterozygous deletions (1 copy, 1.4 Mb and 18 kb respectively, sample 04-018, Fig. S4), all of which are located in or bounded by regions of low copy repeats (LCRs). In addition, a previous known homozygous deletion of 975 bp (in 04-018 and 05-050) was again accurately demonstrated (05-050 data showed in Fig. 4c), although sometimes (04-018) the data was a little noisier than with unamplified DNA (Fig. S4d). In contrast, the Wpa-40oC resulted in abundant signal noise and failed in detection of these copy number aberrations (Fig. 4, Fig. S3, S4). Impressively, HR-CGH with 0.5 ng gDNA-derived amplicons via Wpa also clearly detected the known CNVs, although noisier (Fig. S4). The 0.1ng gDNA derived amplicons via Wpa could not unambiguously show CNVs because of higher variability of signals, but the CNVs’ patterns were mostly well maintained (Fig. S4 for 04-018). We did also notice some locus-imbalance in the amplicon, however this was minimized, and was reproducible when the input was above a certain threshold amount, and it could be well compensated if the same amplified reference sample was applied in parallel as showed above. Keywords: Whole-pool amplification, high resolution comparative genome hybridization (HR-CGH)
2008-09-24 | GSE12731 | GEO