Project description:RNA was extracted from the meninges of mice from either Specific pathogen free or Germ free facilities or from the offspring of mice reconstituted with different human microbiomes.
Project description:Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 is a 4-chlorophenol degrading soil bacterium with high phyllosphere colonization capacity. Till now the genetic basis for the phyllosphere competency of Arthrobacter or other pollutant-degrading bacteria is uncertain. We investigated global gene expression profile of A. chlorophenolicus grown in the phyllosphere of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) compared to growth on agar surfaces.
Project description:Plants are colonized by a variety of microorganisms, the plant microbiota. In the phyllosphere, the above-ground parts of plants, bacteria are the most abundant inhabitants. Most of these microorganisms are not pathogenic and the plant responses to commensals or to pathogen infection in the presence of commensals are not well understood. We report the Arabidopsis leaf transcriptome after 3 to 4 weeks of colonization by Methylobacterium extorquens PA1 and Sphingomonas melonis Fr1, representatives of two abundant genera in the phyllosphere, compared to axenic plants. In addition, we also sequenced the transcriptome of Arabidopsis 2 and 7 days after spray-infection with a low dose of P. syringae DC3000 and in combination with the commensals.
Project description:Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus A6 is a 4-chlorophenol degrading soil bacterium with high phyllosphere colonization capacity. Till now the genetic basis for the phyllosphere competency of Arthrobacter or other pollutant-degrading bacteria is uncertain. We investigated global gene expression profile of A. chlorophenolicus grown in the phyllosphere of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) compared to growth on agar surfaces. We designed transcriptome arrays and investigated which genes had different transcript levels in the phyllosphere of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as compared to agar surfaces. Since water availability is considered an important factor in phyllosphere survival and activity, we included both high and low relative humidity treatments for the phyllosphere-grown cells. In addition, we determined the expression profile under pollutant exposure by the inclusion of two agar surface treatments, i.e. with and without 4-chlorophenol.
Project description:Giant panda are carnivorous bears which feed almost exclusively on plant biomass (i.e. bamboo). The potential contribution of its gut microbiome to lignocellulose degradation has been mostly investigated with cultivation-independent approaches. Recently, we reported on the first lab-scale cultivation of giant panda gut microbiomes and described their actual fermentation capacity. Fermentation of bamboo leaf using green dung resulted in a neutral pH, the main products being ethanol, lactate and H2. Fermentation of bamboo pith using yellow dung resulted in an acidic pH, the main product being lactate. Here, we cultivated giant panda gut microbiomes to test 1) the impact of mixed dung as inoculum; 2) the fermentation capacity of solid lignocellulose as opposed to organics-rich biofluids in the dung; 3) the artificial shift of pH from neutral to acidic on bamboo leaf fermentation. Our results indicate that i) gut microbiomes fermentation of solid lignocellulose contributes up to a maximum of 1/3 even in the presence of organics-rich biofluids; ii) alcohols are an important product of bamboo leaf fermentation at neutral pH; iii) aside hemicellulose, gut microbiomes may degrade plant cell membranes to produce glycerol; iv) pH, rather than portion of bamboo, ultimately determines fermentation profiles and gut microbiome assemblage.
Project description:HuMiChip2 was applied to analyze perform both strain-level identification and the functional profiling of human gut microbiomes from alcoholic cirrhosis patients and healthy individuals with alcohol abuse.
