Dataset Information

Microbial community composition according to organic waste origin (urban, agricultural, central) and treatment (aerobic or anaerobic digestion)

ABSTRACT: Relative weight of organic waste bacterial community taxa among composts and digestates through 16S rRNA gene profilings and taxonomic inferences

PROVIDER: PRJEB40193 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
		Other
	ERR4560550.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR4560560.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR4560570.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR4560660.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:BackgroundUrban organic waste diverted from landfills for use as compost feedstock may help mitigate and adapt to the effects of our changing climate. Yet, compost produced from urban food and yard waste is often a source of contaminants harmful to human and environmental health. Efforts by multiple municipalities are increasing residential and commercial food and yard waste collection; however, finished, tested compost is typically unavailable to those contributing the waste and whose gardens would benefit.ObjectivesThis commentary evaluates the relative equity and safety of U.S. organic waste cycles in relation to urban and peri-urban agriculture (UA) and waste stewardship. We a) explore historical structures that have led to siloed food and waste systems and b) provide recommendations to promote safer compost production from urban organic waste inputs. The engagement of intersectional partners in the creation of equitable policies and contracts that integrate food and waste justice is crucial to this work.MethodsA 15-y relationship between community, academic, and government partners in Boston, Massachusetts, has increased access to health-promoting community gardens. Historical concerns raised by gardeners resulted in improvement to the quality of compost sourced from municipal organic waste and motivated a case study of Boston and three other cities (Seattle, Washington; San Francisco, California; New York, New York). This case study provides the approaches used to source, collect, process, test, and deliver urban organic waste as compost for UA. It informed recommendations to improve the safety and equity of organic waste-to-compost cycles.DiscussionStrict feedstock regulation and required compost safety testing are essential to produce safe, city-sourced compost. Balancing the needs of landfill diversion with equitable distribution to all contributors, particularly low-income and food-insecure people, will help concentrate UA benefits within marginalized communities. Adoption of a public health lens may help ensure the safety of nutrient-rich compost available for urban growers through legislation at state and local levels, along with explicit industry contracts. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12921.

Project description:BackgroundRecent organic diet intervention studies suggest that diet is a significant source of pesticide exposure in young children. These studies have focused on children living in suburban communities.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether consuming an organic diet reduced urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations in 40 Mexican-American children, 3-6 years of age, living in California urban and agricultural communities.MethodsIn 2006, we collected urine samples over 16 consecutive days from children who consumed conventionally grown food for 4 days, organic food for 7 days, and then conventionally grown food for 5 days. We measured 23 metabolites, reflecting potential exposure to organophosphorous (OP), pyrethroid, and other pesticides used in homes and agriculture. We used linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the effects of diet on urinary metabolite concentrations.ResultsFor six metabolites with detection frequencies > 50%, adjusted geometric mean concentrations during the organic phase were generally lower for all children, and were significant for total dialkylphosphates (DAPs) and dimethyl DAPs (DMs; metabolites of OP insecticides) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a herbicide), with reductions of 40%, 49%, and 25%, respectively (p < 0.01). Chemical-specific metabolite concentrations for several OP pesticides, pyrethroids, and herbicides were either infrequently detected and/or not significantly affected by diet. Concentrations for most of the frequently detected metabolites were generally higher in Salinas compared with Oakland children, with DMs and metolachlor at or near significance (p = 0.06 and 0.03, respectively).ConclusionAn organic diet was significantly associated with reduced urinary concentrations of nonspecific dimethyl OP insecticide metabolites and the herbicide 2,4-D in children. Additional research is needed to clarify the relative importance of dietary and non-dietary sources of pesticide exposures to young children.

Project description:This study details a unique process of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) of human excreta useful in producing nitrogen-rich and pathogen-free organic fertilizer. The process was divided into initial, middle, and final phases, based on changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and bacterial community structure. The aim of this study was to determine bacterial factors that would affect liquid fertilizer production in the process, using shotgun metagenomic analysis of each phase. Although the abundances of all 28 gene categories include 4 categories in SEED subsystems level 1 were similar to those in another type of wastewater treatment system, the abundances of 4 gene categories changed remarkably. Among them, a decrease in the abundance of the phage-related gene category and the presence of antibacterial substances in secondary metabolism may explain the change in bacterial community structure from the material to the initial phase. Increases in the abundances of two gene categories, phage-related and secondary metabolism, coincided with a decrease in alpha diversity from the material to the initial phase. A potential increase in the abundance of genes in the category of sporulation from the middle to the final phase was correlated with deterioration of growth conditions and stabilization processes. In addition, prompt consumption of short-chain fatty acids in the initial phase and unusually stable ammonia accumulation throughout the process could be explained by the presence/absence of related metabolic genes. In conclusion, the relationships between bacterial function and unique characteristics of ATAD were revealed; our findings support the enhancement of liquid fertilizer production from wastewater. IMPORTANCE Metagenome analysis was performed to determine the microbial dynamics of the unique autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion process of human excreta, which includes initial, middle, and final phases. In this study, we revealed the details of functional genes related to physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in the ATAD process. Four gene categories showed increases and decreases during the digestion process. In addition, the unusual stable accumulation of ammonia and prompt consumption of short-chain fatty acids were explained by the absence or presence of related metabolic genes. In addition to revealing the relationships between bacteria and physicochemical properties, the results of this research may support improving wastewater management systems worldwide by using the ATAD process in liquid fertilizer production systems.

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Microbial community composition according to organic waste origin (urban, agricultural, central) and treatment (aerobic or anaerobic digestion)

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