Project description:Microbiome DNA from the adhering fraction of a sheep rumen. The RSTs were generated using an improved version of SARST (referred to as iSARST) from the microbiome DNA extracted from the adhering fraction of the rumen content taken from a sheep. The iSARST method is going to be submitted to Nature Biotechnology for publication. Keywords: other
Project description:We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on the rumen epithelium of dairy cows to construct an epithelial single-cell map of the rumen.
Project description:Microbiome DNA from the adhering fraction of a sheep rumen. The RSTs were generated using an improved version of SARST (referred to as iSARST) from the microbiome DNA extracted from the adhering fraction of the rumen content taken from a sheep. The iSARST method is going to be submitted to Nature Biotechnology for publication. Keywords: other
Project description:SARST-V1 method was used to asses the effect of live yeast on the microbial population of the rumen of cows fed an acidogenic diet 3 cows were used in 3 by 3 latin-square design with 3 periods. In each period animals received either 0.5g/d of yeast, 5g/d of yeast or none. Rumen microbiota was analysed using the SARST-V1 method for each period.
Project description:In dairy cows, administration of high dosages of niacin (NA) was found to cause anti-lipolytic effects, which are mediated by the NA receptor hydroxyl-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2) in white adipose tissue (WAT), and thereby to an altered hepatic lipid metabolism. However, almost no attention has been paid to possible direct effects of NA in cattle liver, despite showing that HCAR2 is expressed also in the liver of cattle and is even more abundant than in WAT. Due to this, we hypothesized that feeding of rumen-protected NA to dairy cows influences critical metabolic and/or signaling pathways in the liver through inducing changes in the hepatic transcriptome. In order to identify these pathways, we applied genome-wide transcript profiling in liver biopsies obtained at 1 wk postpartum (p.p.) from dairy cows of a recent study (Zeitz et al., 2018) which were fed a total mixed ration without (control group) or with rumen-protected NA from 21 d before calving until 3 wk p.p. Hepatic transcript profiling revealed that a total of 487 transcripts were differentially expressed [filter criteria fold change (FC) > 1.2 or FC < -1.2 and P < 0.05] in the liver at 1 wk p.p. between cows fed NA and control cows. Substantially more transcripts were down-regulated (n = 338), while only 149 transcripts were up-regulated by NA in the liver of cows. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for the up-regulated transcripts revealed that the most enriched gene ontology (GO) biological process terms were exclusively related to immune processes, such as leukocyte differentiation, immune system process, leukocyte differentiation, activation of immune response and acute inflammatory response. In line with this, the plasma concentration of the acute phase protein haptoglobin tended to be increased in dairy cows fed rumen-protected NA compared to control cows (P < 0.1). GSEA of the down-regulated transcripts showed that the most enriched biological process terms were related to metabolic processes, such as cellular metabolic process, small molecule metabolic process, lipid catabolic process, organic cyclic compound metabolic process, small molecule biosynthetic process and cellular lipid catabolic process. In conclusion, hepatic transcriptome analysis shows that rumen-protected NA induces genes which are involved mainly in immune processes including acute phase response and stress response in dairy cows at wk 1 p.p. These findings indicate that supplementation of rumen-protected NA to dairy cows in the periparturient period may induce or amplify the systemic inflammation-like condition which is typically observed in the liver of high-yielding dairy cows in the p.p. period.
Project description:As the unique organ, rumen plays vital roles in providing products for humans, however, the underlying cell composition and interactions with epithelium-attached microbes remain largely unknown. Herein, we performed an integrated analysis in single-cell transcriptome, epithelial microbiome, and metabolome of rumen tissues to explore the differences of microbiota-host crosstalk between newborn and adult cattle models. We found that fewer epithelial cell subtypes and more abundant immune cells (e.g., Th17 cells) in the rumen tissue of adult cattle. Metabolism-related functions and oxidation-reduction process were significantly upregulated in the adult rumen epithelial cell subtypes. The epithelial Desulfovibrio was significantly enriched in the adult cattle. To further clarify the role of Desulfovibrio in host’s oxidation-reduction process, we performed metabolomics analysis of rumen tissues and found that Desulfovibrio showed a high co-occurrence probability with the pyridoxal in the adult cattle compared with newborn ones. The adult rumen epithelial cell subtypes also showed stronger ability of pyridoxal binding. These indicates that Desulfovibrio and pyridoxal likely play important roles in maintaining redox balance in adult rumen. The integrated analysis provides novel insights into the understanding of rumen function and facilitate the future precision improvement of rumen function and milk/meat production in cattle.
Project description:We investigated changes in rumen fermentation, peripheral blood metabolites and hormones, and hepatic transcriptomic dynamics in Holstein cows with and those without subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) during the periparturient period.
