Icelandic glaciers
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REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of these microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of glacial ice were taken from several glacial ecosystems. Microorganisms were analyzed by a polyphasic approach that combines a set of -omic techniques: 16S rRNA sequencing, culturomics and metaproteomics. This combination provides key information about diversity and functions of microbial populations, especially in rare habitats. Several whole essential proteins and enzymes related to metabolism and energy production, recombination and translation were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures.
2023-03-11 | PXD033406 | Pride
Project description:Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of these microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of glacial ice were taken from several glacial ecosystems. Microorganisms were analyzed by a polyphasic approach that combines a set of -omic techniques: 16S rRNA sequencing, culturomics and metaproteomics. This combination provides key information about diversity and functions of microbial populations, especially in rare habitats. Several whole essential proteins and enzymes related to metabolism and energy production, recombination and translation were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures.
2023-03-11 | PXD033535 | Pride
Project description:Ice metagenome of glaciers and crater lakes from the Iztaccihuatl volcanic complex
| PRJNA476152 | ENA
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC4403510 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Svalbard glaciers fungal diversity Raw sequence reads (ITS2)
| PRJNA517070 | ENA
Project description:Svalbard glaciers bacterial diversity Raw sequence reads (16S)
| PRJNA517069 | ENA
Project description:Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. From an ecological point of view, three ecosystems can be differentiated in glaciers: the supraglacial ecosystem, the subglacial ecosystem and the englacial ecosystem. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. Firstly, the supraglacial ecosystem, sunlit and oxygenated, is predominantly populated by autotrophic microorganisms. Secondly, the subglacial ecosystem contains a majority of chemoautrotophs that are fed on the mineral salts of the rocks and basal soil. Lastly, the englacial ecosystem is the less studied and the one that contains the smallest number of microorganisms. However, these unknown englacial microorganisms establish a true trophic chain and appear to have an active metabolism. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of englacial ice were taken from an Antarctic glacier. The cells were harvested and their proteins were extracted and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/TOF). Several proteins and enzymes were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures. In this way it is shown that the englacial microorganisms are not quiescent, but that they maintain an active metabolism and play an important role in the glacial microbial community.
2019-08-29 | PXD010060 | Pride
Project description:Glaciers are populated by a large number of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and microeukaryotes. From an ecological point of view, three ecosystems can be differentiated in glaciers: the supraglacial ecosystem, the subglacial ecosystem and the englacial ecosystem. Several factors such as solar radiation, nutrient availability and water content greatly determine the diversity and abundance of microbial populations, the type of metabolism and the biogeochemical cycles. Firstly, the supraglacial ecosystem, sunlit and oxygenated, is predominantly populated by autotrophic microorganisms. Secondly, the subglacial ecosystem contains a majority of chemoautrotophs that are fed on the mineral salts of the rocks and basal soil. Lastly, the englacial ecosystem is the less studied and the one that contains the smallest number of microorganisms. However, these unknown englacial microorganisms establish a true trophic chain and appear to have an active metabolism. In order to study their metabolic potentials, samples of englacial ice were taken from an Antarctic glacier. The cells were harvested and their proteins were extracted and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF/TOF). Several proteins and enzymes were found that demonstrate the existence of cellular activity at subzero temperatures. In this way it is shown that the englacial microorganisms are not quiescent, but that they maintain an active metabolism and play an important role in the glacial microbial community.
2019-08-29 | PXD010185 | Pride
Project description:Bacterial Diversity in Icelandic Lava Tubes
| PRJEB51902 | ENA
Project description:BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder that affects the colonic epithelium. A combination of genetic and environmental factors is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis, resulting in an abnormal immune response and destruction of the colonic epithelium. In Iceland, the incidence of UC is one of the highest in the world and is three times more common than Crohn’s disease. Previous studies have suggested a genetic component may have an influence on the increased incidence. The aim of this study was to characterise a cohort of patients with UC and identify potential germ line mutations and pathways which could be associated with UC in this population. METHODS: We performed exome sequencing of genomic DNA and genome-wide microarray analysis on macroscopically non-inflamed colonic mucosa from Icelandic patients with UC and age and sexed matched controls. Gene-ontology analysis was used to identify common processes and pathways differentially expressed in tissue from UC cases. Exome sequence data were examined for very rare or novel mutations which might be over represented in the UC cohort. Combined matching of variant analysis and downstream influence on transcriptomic expression in the rectum was also analysed. RESULTS: Non-inflamed colonic tissue from patients with UC demonstrated a significant alteration in the transcriptomic profile compared to controls. Over 2,000 genes were differentially expressed in rectal tissue from UC patients and gene ontology analysis identified an up-regulation in genes associated with cell cycle control and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Exome sequencing identified two missense mutations in thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) with a minor allele frequency of 0.22 in the UC patients compared to a reported 0.062 in the Icelandic population and 0.03 in the non-Finnish European populations. A predicted damaging mutation in the inflammatory bowel disease associated gene SLC26A3 was identified which was associated with increased expression of DUOX2 and DUOXA2 in UC rectal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with UC, the colonic mucosa demonstrates a clear alteration in gene expression compared to control subjects. There is evidence of an elevation in genes involved with cell proliferation and the processing of proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum. Exome sequencing identified an increased prevalence of two damaging TPMT variants within the Icelandic UC population, which would suggest screening the UC population prior to initiation of therapy is warranted in order to avoid the serious toxicity associated with these mutations and azathioprine treatment.
2018-11-01 | GSE105074 | GEO