Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE17757: Gene expression data from primate postnatal brain in prefrontal cortex: time course GSE18012: miRNA expression data from human postnatal brain in prefrontal cortex: time course GSE18013: miRNA expression data from rhesus macaque postnatal brain in prefrontal cortex: time course Refer to individual Series
Project description:The purpose of the experiment was to compare placental transcriptome of rhesus macaque at approximately 80% completed gestation to human placental transcriptomes.
Project description:This experiment contains the subset of data corresponding to rhesus macaque RNA-Seq data from experiment E-GEOD-30352 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-GEOD-30352/), which goal is to understand the dynamics of mammalian transcriptome evolution. To study mammalian transcriptome evolution at high resolution, we generated RNA-Seq data (∼3.2 billion Illumina Genome Analyser IIx reads of 76 base pairs) for the polyadenylated RNA fraction of brain (cerebral cortex or whole brain without cerebellum), cerebellum, heart, kidney, liver and testis (usually from one male and one female per somatic tissue and two males for testis) from nine mammalian species: placental mammals (great apes, including humans; rhesus macaque; mouse), marsupials (gray short-tailed opossum) and monotremes (platypus). Corresponding data (∼0.3 billion reads) were generated for a bird (red jungle fowl, a non-domesticated chicken) and used as an evolutionary outgroup.
Project description:We investigated molecular changes during human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque postnatal brain development at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels in two brain regions: the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that is involved in several human-specific cognitive processes, and the cerebellar cortex (CBC) that may be functionally more conserved. We find a nearly three-fold excess of human-specific gene expression changes in PFC compared to CBC. The most prominent human-specific mRNA expression pattern in the PFC is a developmental delay of approximately 5 years in the expression of genes associated with learning and memory, such as synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation. This pattern is supported by correlated changes in concentrations of proteins and the respective neurotransmitters and its magnitude is beyond the shift expected from the life-histories of the species. Mechanistically, it might be driven by change in timing of expression of four or more transcription factors. We speculate that delayed synaptic maturation in PFC may play a role in the emergence of human-specific cognitive abilities. Keywords: Age series Human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the superior frontal gyrus region of the prefrontal cortex were collected. The age ranges of the individuals in all three species covered the respective species' postnatal maturation period from infancy to old adulthood. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to Affymetrix® Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays. PFC samples.
Project description:We search for developmental changes specific to humans by examining gene expression profiles in the human, chimpanzee and rhesus macaque prefrontal and cerebellar cortex. In both brain regions, developmental patterns were more evolved in humans than in chimpanzees. To distinguish whether the human specific developmental pattern represent novel human-specific developmental patterns or a shift in the timing of the existing patterns, we measured mRNA expression patterns in macaque brains from prenatal to neonatal. Our results show that the major human-specific developmental patterns identified in the PFC reflects an extreme shift in timing of synaptic development. Rhesus macaque post-mortem brain samples from the superior frontal gyrus region of the prefrontal cortex were collected. Six fetal and six newborn samples were used. RNA extracted from the dissected tissue was hybridized to Affymetrix® Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays.