Project description:Relative expression levels of mRNAs in chicken cecal epithelia experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella were measured at 4.5 days post-infection. Two weeks old chickens were uninfected (negative control) or were orally inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Cecal epithelia samples were collected from >12 birds in infected or uninfected group at 4.5 d following infections, in which samples from 4 birds were pooled together to form a total 3 biological replicates in each group. Parasite merozoites were also collected from four infected chickens at 5 d after infections. Uninfected control samples, merozoites and infection group samples were selected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We used Affymetrix GeneChip chicken genome arrays to detail the chicken cecal epithelia gene expression in the control and E. tenella-infected birds.
Project description:Relative expression levels of mRNAs in chicken cecal epithelia experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella were measured at 4.5 days post-infection. Two weeks old chickens were uninfected (negative control) or were orally inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. Cecal epithelia samples were collected from >12 birds in infected or uninfected group at 4.5 d following infections, in which samples from 4 birds were pooled together to form a total 3 biological replicates in each group. Parasite merozoites were also collected from four infected chickens at 5 d after infections. Uninfected control samples, merozoites and infection group samples were selected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. We used Affymetrix GeneChip chicken genome arrays to detail the chicken cecal epithelia gene expression in the control and E. tenella-infected birds. Infected, uninfected chicken cecal epithelia and merozoites were selected for RNA extraction and hybridization with Affymetrix microarrays. Our goal was to analyze global transcriptome changes in chicken cecal mucous membranes in response to E. tenella infection in vivo. We used infected (T1,T2,T3; three biological replicates) and uninfected (Neg1, Neg2, Neg3; three biological replicates) samples to identify genes that were differentially expressed. Meanwhile, RNA and probes were also prepared from parasite merozoites (Mzt) from infected samples (Mzt) and used as an additional control in microarray hybridization.
Project description:Eimeria (E.) maxima parasite infects the midgut disrupting the jejunal and ileal mucosal lining causing high morbidity and mortality in chickens. Heat stress (HS) is a seasonal stressor that affects biological functions leading to poor performance. Our objective was to elucidate how HS, E. maxima infection, and their combination affect the ileum transcriptome. Two-hundred and forty 2-week-old males Ross708 chickens were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: thermoneutral control (TNc), thermoneutral infected (TNi), heat stress control (HSc), and heat stress infected (HSi), with 6 replicates each of 10 birds. Infected groups received 200x103 sporulated E. maxima oocysts/bird, and heat treatment groups were raised at 35oC. At 6-day post-treatment, five chickens per group were randomly sampled, and ileum tissues were collected for RNA extraction and sequencing using NGS Illumina sequencing platforms. A total of 413, 3377, 1908, and 2304 DEGs were identified when applying the comparisons: TNc vs HSc, TNc vs TNi, HSi vs HSc, and TNi vs HSi, respectively, at cutoff ≥1.2-fold change (FDR: q<0.05). HSc vs TNc showed upregulation of lipid metabolic pathways and degradation and metabolism of multiple amino acids, and downregulation of most immune-related and protein synthesis pathways. TNc vs TNi displayed upregulation of most of the immune-associated pathways and eukaryotic mRNA maturation pathways, and downregulation of fatty acid metabolism and multiple amino acid metabolism pathways including tryptophan. Comparing HSi versus HSc and TNi revealed that combining the two stressors restored some normal cellular functions, e.g., oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis, and reduced the intensity of immune response associated with E. maxima infection. Tryptophan metabolism was upregulated, including genes that contribute to catabolizing tryptophan through serotonin and indole pathways; which might result in reducing the cytoplasmic pool of nutrients and calcium available for the parasite to scavenge and consequently might affect the parasite’s reproductive ability.
Project description:Eimeria are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites which can affect chickens. After exposure to Eimeria chickens establish (partial) protective immunity to the homologues strain. In this paper we investigate the process responsible for Eimeria protection. In order to find host reactions specificly involved in protection to homologous re-infection we investigated the host reactions after primary infection and a homologous or heterologous secondary infection.<br><br>Broilers were mock infected or infected with E.maxima (Max) at one week of age. Two weeks later broilers were mock infected, infected with E.maxima or E.acervulina. Oocyst output, T-cell population and cytokine mRNA expression profiles and Eimeria DNA profiles were measured 2, 4 and 7 days pi. Specific regulation of gene expression profiles was monitored by a whole genome oligo-array containing 20.673 oligoï¾´s at 8 and 24 hours pi.<br><br>
Project description:In order to elucidate the infection mechanisms of Eimeria tenella and the chicken immune response, chickens were infected with Eimeria tenella strain Hougton sporozoites. Samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10 days post-infection and mRNA sequenced. A dual-RNA seq analysis was carried out, comparing the expression of infected chickens during each sampling time point with uninfected chickens and comparing E. tenella samples during the infection with a sample of pure sporozoites. The results show a variety of response signals in the chicken, both previously known and unknown, as well as a clear role for a variety of infection-related genes in E. tenella
Project description:H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has been spreading to Asia, Eurasia and African coutries. An original or six of recombinant H5N1 subtype influenza viruses with varying survivability were infected to chickens for elucidating genes correlated with pathogenicity. Two chickens were infected with each 10^6EID50/ head virus intranasally, and their lung was collected from infected chicken at 24 hours after infection.
Project description:H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has been spreading to Asia, Eurasia and African coutries. An original or six of recombinant H5N1 subtype influenza viruses with varying survivability were infected to chickens for elucidating genes correlated with pathogenicity.
Project description:Global transcriptional responses in duodenal intestinal epithelia of chickens following primary and secondary Eimeria acervulina infections.