Project description:Cytotoxic T cells are typically expanded ex vivo for adoptive immunotherapy by culture with IL-2. This culture period leads to a differentiated phenotype and acquisition of effector function, as well as a loss of in vivo proliferative capability and anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we report antigen-specific and polyclonal expansion of cytotoxic T cells in a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules that leads to a memory-like phenotype in mouse and human cells even during extended culture, leading to enhanced in vivo expansion and tumor control. OT-I CD8 T cells were cultured for 14 days in either IL-2 or a cocktail of memory inducing small molecules and cytokines (IL-7, IL-21, 2-deoxyglucose and TWS119). Populations were sorted, IL-2 cells were CD44+CD62L-, cocktail cells were sorted into CD44+CD62L-, CD44+CD62L+ and CD44lowCD62L+ populations, and naive OT-I cells were CD44-CD62L+. Total RNA was extracted from each population and prepared for sequencing as three technical replicates.
Project description:Cognate antigen signals control CD8+ T cell priming, expansion size and effector versus memory cell fates, however, it is not clear whether they can also modulate the functional features of memory CD8+ T cells. We observed that OT-I cells that were primed with weak cognate antigen signals incorporate more cytokine signals, leading to a hypothesis that CD8+ T cells that receive weak TCR signals require cytokine signals to form functional memory. Using a previously described mouse model in which IL-2 signaling via its high affinity receptor CD25 is selectively impaired, the “Il2ramut/mut” mouse, we conducted a comparative analysis of gene expression and epigenetic landscape of Il2ramut/mut and WT OT-I memory cells that were primed with strong (Lm-Ova N4) versus weak (Lm-Ova T4). RNA seq data showed that both TCR and IL-2 priming signals have minimal effect on gene expression in resting memory CD8 T cells, but they significantly modify the epigenetic landscape of the memory CD8 T cells. These findings have important contributions to the current understanding of how priming signals program memory CD8 T cells in vivo.
Project description:Cognate antigen signals control CD8+ T cell priming, expansion size and effector versus memory cell fates, however, it is not clear whether they can also modulate the functional features of memory CD8+ T cells. We observed that OT-I cells that were primed with weak cognate antigen signals incorporate more cytokine signals, leading to a hypothesis that CD8+ T cells that receive weak TCR signals require cytokine signals to form functional memory. Using a previously described mouse model in which IL-2 signaling via its high affinity receptor CD25 is selectively impaired, the “Il2ramut/mut” mouse, we conducted a comparative analysis of gene expression and epigenetic landscape of Il2ramut/mut and WT OT-I memory cells that were primed with strong (Lm-Ova N4) versus weak (Lm-Ova T4). RNA seq data showed that both TCR and IL-2 priming signals have minimal effect on gene expression in resting memory CD8 T cells, but they significantly modify the epigenetic landscape of the memory CD8 T cells. These findings have important contributions to the current understanding of how priming signals program memory CD8 T cells in vivo.
Project description:Much is known concerning the cellular and molecular basis for CD8+ T memory immune responses. Nevertheless, conditions that selectively support memory generation have remained elusive. Here we show that an immunization regimen that delivers TCR signals through a defined antigenic peptide, inflammatory signals through LPS, and growth and differentiation signals through the IL-2R initially favors antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to rapidly and substantially develop into tissue-residing T effector-memory cells by TCR transgenic OVA-specific OT-I CD8+ T cells. Amplified CD8+ T memory development depends upon a critical frequency of antigen-specific T cells and direct responsiveness to IL-2. A homologous prime-boost immunization protocol with transiently enhanced IL-2R signaling in normal mice led to persistent polyclonal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that supported protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. These results identify a general approach for amplified T memory development that may be useful to optimize vaccines aimed at generating robust cell-mediated immunity. Gene expression analysis was performed for OT-I T cells on day 3 and day 5 after activation with ovalbumin and LPS in vivo with and without treatment with IL-2 using an agonists IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes (IL2/Jes-6.1) OT-I T cells were purified and adoptively transferred into congenic syngenic mice. 24 hours later mice were immunization with ovalbumin and LPS. 24 hr later some mice received agonist IL2/anti-IL2. 3 and 5 days after immunization, the activated OT-I T cells were purifed by FACS and total RNA was isolated for genome wide expression analysis using Affymetrix Mouse Gene ST1.0 arrays
Project description:Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with diverse roles in homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. To identify transcriptional patterns and differentiation states induced by IL-6 in CD8 T cells, we performed RNAseq profiling of murine OT-I CD8+ T cells stimulated with SIINFEKL peptide in the presence of exogenous IL-6 (10 ng/ml) or anti-IL6R antibody (to block endogenous IL-6 signaling). Bulk OT-I splenocytes were stimulated with SIINFEKL peptide and CD8 T cells were FACS-sorted for RNA extraction after 2 and 7 days. We found that IL-6 potently repressed classical effector differentiation and promoted a gene expression pattern similar to that of memory precursor cells.
Project description:Much is known concerning the cellular and molecular basis for CD8+ T memory immune responses. Nevertheless, conditions that selectively support memory generation have remained elusive. Here we show that an immunization regimen that delivers TCR signals through a defined antigenic peptide, inflammatory signals through LPS, and growth and differentiation signals through the IL-2R initially favors antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to rapidly and substantially develop into tissue-residing T effector-memory cells by TCR transgenic OVA-specific OT-I CD8+ T cells. Amplified CD8+ T memory development depends upon a critical frequency of antigen-specific T cells and direct responsiveness to IL-2. A homologous prime-boost immunization protocol with transiently enhanced IL-2R signaling in normal mice led to persistent polyclonal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that supported protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes. These results identify a general approach for amplified T memory development that may be useful to optimize vaccines aimed at generating robust cell-mediated immunity. Gene expression analysis was performed for OT-I T cells on day 3 and day 5 after activation with ovalbumin and LPS in vivo with and without treatment with IL-2 using an agonists IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes (IL2/Jes-6.1)
Project description:The transcriptome of naive OT-I T cells was compared to memory CD8 T cells after 1, 2, 3, or 4 infection with ovalbumin expressing Listeria monocytogenes (LM-OVA). Naive Thy1.1 OT-I T cells were adoptively transferred into Thy1.2 naive hosts prior to infection with LM-OVA. The resulting memory CD8 T cell population was again adoptively transferred into naive hosts and the recipient mice were again infected with LM-OVA. The adoptive transfer was repeated up to four times to generate memory CD8 T cells with up to four consecutive antigen stimulations. Three individual mice were analyzed for each group. For quaternary memory CD8 T cells, spleens from two to three mice were pooled for each sample. Naive OT-I T cells served as control samples. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.014
Project description:Purpose: RNA-seq analysis of three memory OT-I cell subsets (from a Klrg1-Cre fate reporter mouse model) isolated from the spleen of C57BL/6 mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that KLRG1+ effector CD8 T lymphocytes differentiate into KLRG1- memory CD8 T lymphocytes and provide long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases and malignancies. Methods: Total RNA was obtained from FACS-purified OT-I cell subsets isolated from spleen 70 days post infection with ovalbumin-expressing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-OVA) (experiment 3). Results: Using RNA-seq technology, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling of three memory OT-I cells (KLRG1+ Reporter+, KLRG1- Reporter+ (exKLRG1) and KLRG1- Reporter-) and identified 36 genes differentially expressed (> 1.5-fold) between exKLRG1 and KLRG1- Reporter- memory OT-I cells, and 132 differentially expressed genes between exKLRG1 and KLRG1+ Reporter+ memory OT-I cells. We then confirmed the expression of 15 genes/molecules by qRT-PCR and/or flow cytometry. Conclusions: Our study represents the first fate mapping analysis of KLRG1+ effector OT-I cells, demonstrates that KLRG1+ effector OT-I cells differentiate into all memory T cell lineages thereby promoting protective immunity. RNA-seq also identified CX3CR1 as a marker of circulating exKLRG1 early memory OT-I cells.
Project description:Purpose: RNA-seq analysis of three memory OT-I cell subsets (from a Klrg1-Cre fate reporter mouse model) isolated from the spleen of C57BL/6 mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. The hypothesis tested in the present study was that KLRG1+ effector CD8 T lymphocytes differentiate into KLRG1- memory CD8 T lymphocytes and provide long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases and malignancies. Methods: Total RNA was obtained from FACS-purified OT-I cell subsets isolated from spleen 104 (experiment 1) and 110 days post infection (experiment 2) with ovalbumin-expressing Listeria monocytogenes (LM-OVA). Results: Using RNA-seq technology, we performed genome-wide transcriptional profiling of three memory OT-I cells (KLRG1+ Reporter+, KLRG1- Reporter+ (exKLRG1) and KLRG1- Reporter-) and identified 36 genes differentially expressed (> 1.5-fold) between exKLRG1 and KLRG1- Reporter- memory OT-I cells, and 132 differentially expressed genes between exKLRG1 and KLRG1+ Reporter+ memory OT-I cells. We then confirmed the expression of 15 genes/molecules by qRT-PCR and/or flow cytometry. Conclusions: Our study represents the first fate mapping analysis of KLRG1+ effector OT-I cells, demonstrates that KLRG1+ effector OT-I cells differentiate into all memory T cell lineages thereby promoting protective immunity. RNA-seq also identified CX3CR1 as a marker of circulating exKLRG1 early memory OT-I cells.
Project description:The goal of this study is to analyze differences in gene expression of CD8 T cells that are antigen-educated by lymphatic stromal cells versus traditional antigen-presenting cells. Naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells reactive against the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) were isolated from spleens of OT-I transgenic mice. They were then co-cultured with OVA-pulsed mature dendritic cells (mDCs) versus lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) for up to 3d. Each day, OT-I cells were isolated and prepared for RNAseq analysis to determine differences in gene expression as a function of antigen-presenting cell. Naive, LEC-educated, or DC-educated OT-I transcriptomes are provided here. Grant ID - AdG-323053 Agency - European Research Council (ERC) Grant Title - LYMPHIMMUNE - Flow in the tumor microenvironment: Linking mechanobiology with immunology Grant ID - R01CA219304 Agency - US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant Title - Paradoxical roles of tumor lymphangiogenesis on tumor immunity and implications for immunotherapy