Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA241412 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Condensin protein complexes play central roles in the three-dimensional organization of chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. How condensin interacts with its chromatin substrates to promote sister chromatid decatenation and segregation is largely unknown. Previous work suggested that condensin, in addition to encircling chromatin fibers topologically within the large ring-shaped structure formed by its structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin subunits, contacts DNA directly. Here we describe the discovery of a binding domain for double-stranded DNA helices formed by condensinM-bM-^@M-^Ys HEAT-repeat subunits. Using detailed mapping data of the interfaces between the HEAT-repeat and the kleisin subunits, we generated mutant complexes that lack the Ycg1/CAP-G HEAT-repeat subunit. These tetrameric condensin complexes fail to associate stably with chromosomes in yeast and human cells. We suggest that condensin controls chromosome architecture by stabilizing chromatin loops of chromatin fibers through interaction with its unconventional HEAT-repeat DNA binding domain. Analysis of condensin binding genomewide in a wild type and a condensin mutant
2014-05-16 | E-GEOD-55948 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Condensin protein complexes play central roles in the three-dimensional organization of chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. How condensin interacts with its chromatin substrates to promote sister chromatid decatenation and segregation is largely unknown. Previous work suggested that condensin, in addition to encircling chromatin fibers topologically within the large ring-shaped structure formed by its structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin subunits, contacts DNA directly. Here we describe the discovery of a binding domain for double-stranded DNA helices formed by condensin’s HEAT-repeat subunits. Using detailed mapping data of the interfaces between the HEAT-repeat and the kleisin subunits, we generated mutant complexes that lack the Ycg1/CAP-G HEAT-repeat subunit. These tetrameric condensin complexes fail to associate stably with chromosomes in yeast and human cells. We suggest that condensin controls chromosome architecture by stabilizing chromatin loops of chromatin fibers through interaction with its unconventional HEAT-repeat DNA binding domain.
2014-05-16 | GSE55948 | GEO
Project description:The essential process of dosage compensation equalizes X-chromosome gene expression between C. elegans XO males and XX hermaphrodites through a dosage compensation complex (DCC) that resembles condensin. The DCC binds to both X chromosomes of hermaphrodites to repress transcription by half. Here we show that post-translational modification by the SUMO conjugation pathway is essential for sex-specific assembly of the DCC onto X. Depletion of the SUMO peptide in vivo severely disrupts binding of particular DCC subunits and causes changes in X-linked gene expression similar to those caused by disrupting genes encoding DCC subunits. Three DCC subunits are themselves SUMOylated, and depletion of SUMO preferentially reduces their binding to X, suggesting that SUMOylation of DCC subunits is essential for robust association with X. DCC SUMOylation is triggered by the signal that initiates DCC assembly onto X. The initial step of assembly--binding of X-targeting factors to recruitment sites on X (rex sites)--is independent of SUMOylation, but robust binding of the complete complex requires SUMOylation. SUMOylated DCC subunits are enriched at rex sites, and SUMOylation enhances interactions between X-targeting factors and condensin subunits that facilitate DCC binding beyond the low level achieved without SUMOylation. DCC subunits also participate in condensin complexes essential for chromosome segregation, but their SUMOylation occurs only in the context of the DCC. Our results reinforce a newly emerging theme in which multiple proteins of a complex are SUMOylated in response to a specific stimulus, leading to accelerated complex formation and enhanced function. Total RNA was extracted from mixed stage embryos.
2013-08-31 | E-GEOD-48347 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:This data is from BS3 crosslinked condensin tetramer How protein complexes of the SMC family fold DNA into the large loops that are fundamental for the 3D organization of genomes is a central unresolved question of chromosome biology. We used electron cryomicroscopy to investigate the reaction cycle of the SMC complex condensin, which is a key determinant of chromosome morphology and behavior during mitosis. Our structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae condensin holo complex at different functional stages suggest that ATP binding induces the transition from a folded-rod SMC conformation into an open architecture and triggers the exchange of the two HEAT-repeat subunits at the SMC ATPase head domains. We propose that these steps result in the interconversion of DNA binding sites in the catalytic core that form the basis of the DNA translocation and loop-extrusion activities of condensin.
2020-07-28 | PXD019275 | Pride
Project description:Eukaryotic chromosomes reach their stable rod-shaped appearance in mitosis in a reaction dependent on the evolutionarily conserved condensin complex. Little is known about how and where condensin associates with chromosomes. Here, we analyse condensin binding to budding yeast chromosomes using high resolution oligonucleotide tiling arrays. Condensin binding sites coincide with those of the loading factor Scc2/4 of the related cohesin complex. The sites map to tRNA genes, ribosomal protein genes, and other places characterised by the RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIC. An ectopic B-Box element, recognised by TFIIIC, constitutes a minimal condensin binding site, and TFIIIC and the Scc2/4 complex promote productive condensin association with chromosomes. A similar pattern of condensin binding is conserved along fission yeast chromosomes. This reveals that TFIIIC binding sites, including tRNA genes, constitute a hitherto unknown chromosomal feature with important implications for chromosome architecture during both interphase and mitosis. Keywords: Chip-chip, cell type comparison
2008-07-21 | GSE12149 | GEO
Project description:This data is from sulfo-SDA crosslinked condensin pentamer. Two datsets, one without atp aand one with ATP. How protein complexes of the SMC family fold DNA into the large loops that are fundamental for the 3D organization of genomes is a central unresolved question of chromosome biology. We used electron cryomicroscopy to investigate the reaction cycle of the SMC complex condensin, which is a key determinant of chromosome morphology and behavior during mitosis. Our structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae condensin holo complex at different functional stages suggest that ATP binding induces the transition from a folded-rod SMC conformation into an open architecture and triggers the exchange of the two HEAT-repeat subunits at the SMC ATPase head domains. We propose that these steps result in the interconversion of DNA binding sites in the catalytic core that form the basis of the DNA translocation and loop-extrusion activities of condensin.
2020-07-28 | PXD019274 | Pride
Project description:While reversible histone modifications are linked to an ever-expanding range of biological functions, the demethylases for histone H4 lysine 20 and their potential regulatory roles remain unknown. Here, we report that the PHD and Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing protein, PHF8, while utilizing multiple substrates, including H3K9me1/2 and H3K27me2, also functions as an H4K20me1 demethylase. PHF8 is recruited to promoters by its PHD domain based on interaction with H3K4me2/3 and controls G1/S transition in conjunction with E2F1, HCF-1 and Set1A, at least in part, by removing the repressive H4K20me1 mark from a subset of E2F1-regulated gene promoters. Phosphorylation-dependent PHF8 dismissal from chromatin in prophase is apparently required for the accumulation of H4K20me1 during early mitosis, which might represent a component of the Condensin II loading process. Accordingly, the HEAT repeat clusters in two non-SMC Condensin II subunits, N-CAPD3 and N-CAPG2, are capable of recognizing H4K20me1, and ChIP-seq. analysis demonstrate a significant overlap of Condensin II and H4K20me1 sites in mitotic HeLa cells. Thus, the identification and characterization of an H4K20me1 demethylase, PHF8, has revealed an intimate link between this enzyme and two distinct events in cell cycle progression. Keywords: Expression profiling by array HeLa cells were transfected with either control or PHF8 siRNAs. Experiments were performed in biological duplicates. RNA were extracted and sujected to microarray analysis.
2010-09-01 | E-GEOD-22477 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:While reversible histone modifications are linked to an ever-expanding range of biological functions, the demethylases for histone H4 lysine 20 and their potential regulatory roles remain unknown. Here, we report that the PHD and Jumonji C (JmjC) domain-containing protein, PHF8, while utilizing multiple substrates, including H3K9me1/2 and H3K27me2, also functions as an H4K20me1 demethylase. PHF8 is recruited to promoters by its PHD domain based on interaction with H3K4me2/3 and controls G1/S transition in conjunction with E2F1, HCF-1 and Set1A, at least in part, by removing the repressive H4K20me1 mark from a subset of E2F1-regulated gene promoters. Phosphorylation-dependent PHF8 dismissal from chromatin in prophase is apparently required for the accumulation of H4K20me1 during early mitosis, which might represent a component of the Condensin II loading process. Accordingly, the HEAT repeat clusters in two non-SMC Condensin II subunits, N-CAPD3 and N-CAPG2, are capable of recognizing H4K20me1, and ChIP-seq. analysis demonstrate a significant overlap of Condensin II and H4K20me1 sites in mitotic HeLa cells. Thus, the identification and characterization of an H4K20me1 demethylase, PHF8, has revealed an intimate link between this enzyme and two distinct events in cell cycle progression. unsynchronized HeLa cells were used to profile H3K4me2 and E2F1; unsynchronized or G1 or G1/S synchronized HeLa cells were used to profile PHF8; M phase synchronized HeLa cells were used to profile SMC4 and H4K20me1
2010-09-01 | E-GEOD-22478 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The essential process of dosage compensation equalizes X-chromosome gene expression between C. elegans XO males and XX hermaphrodites through a dosage compensation complex (DCC) that resembles condensin. The DCC binds to both X chromosomes of hermaphrodites to repress transcription by half. Here we show that post-translational modification by the SUMO conjugation pathway is essential for sex-specific assembly of the DCC onto X. Depletion of the SUMO peptide in vivo severely disrupts binding of particular DCC subunits and causes changes in X-linked gene expression similar to those caused by disrupting genes encoding DCC subunits. Three DCC subunits are themselves SUMOylated, and depletion of SUMO preferentially reduces their binding to X, suggesting that SUMOylation of DCC subunits is essential for robust association with X. DCC SUMOylation is triggered by the signal that initiates DCC assembly onto X. The initial step of assembly--binding of X-targeting factors to recruitment sites on X (rex sites)--is independent of SUMOylation, but robust binding of the complete complex requires SUMOylation. SUMOylated DCC subunits are enriched at rex sites, and SUMOylation enhances interactions between X-targeting factors and condensin subunits that facilitate DCC binding beyond the low level achieved without SUMOylation. DCC subunits also participate in condensin complexes essential for chromosome segregation, but their SUMOylation occurs only in the context of the DCC. Our results reinforce a newly emerging theme in which multiple proteins of a complex are SUMOylated in response to a specific stimulus, leading to accelerated complex formation and enhanced function. ChIP-chip experiments using antibodies against DPY-27, SDC-3, DPY-30, DPY-26, DPY-28 and FLAG-tagged SDC-2 in wild-type and smo-1 RNAi treated mixed embryos, with IGG controls. Also, sequential ChIP-chip experiments: (1) ChIP using FLAG antibodies to determine the genome-wide binding sites for SUMOylated proteins, (2) ChIP using FLAG antibodies followed by re-ChIP of eluted protein-chromatin complexes with DPY-27 antibodies to determine genome-wide binding sites for SUMOylated DPY-27 (referred to as DPY-27 re-ChIP experiments), (3) ChIP using FLAG antibodies followed by re-ChIP of eluted protein-chromatin with IGG antibodies to determine background binding (referred to as IGG re-ChIP experiments, and (4) ChIP using DPY-27 antibodies as a control to assess the efficiency of DPY-27 binding and detection in control vs. FLAG-tagged strains.
2013-08-31 | E-GEOD-48413 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Association of cohesin subunits on chromosomes
| PRJNA491718 | ENA